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Module 4 Language of the World. Reading Practice. Words preview. refer to…as enthusiasm inquiry distort extract ornament discourse. 把 …… 称作 …… n. 热情，热爱 n. 询问，疑问 v. 歪曲，曲解 n. 摘录，选段 n. 装饰，点缀 n. 演讲，讨论. disposition execute counsel marshalling sloth affection scholar bound.
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Module 4 Language of the World
Words preview refer to…as enthusiasm inquiry distort extract ornament discourse 把……称作…… n.热情，热爱 n.询问，疑问 v.歪曲，曲解 n.摘录，选段 n.装饰，点缀 n.演讲，讨论
disposition execute counsel marshalling sloth affection scholar bound n.处理，解决 v.创作（艺术品） n.忠告，劝告 n.组织（信息或想法） n.懒惰，懒散 n.做作 n.学者 v.受……限制
crafty confute swallow digest diligence deputy distill flashy adj.精明的 v.驳倒，完全否定 v.吞下，咽下 v.消化，理解 n.勤奋，用功 n.众议员 v.提炼（观点） adj.华丽的，艳俗的
Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. --Francis Bacon
1 What do you think this means? Reading makes a person complete because you can read about many different topics; discussion makes one prepared, because you need to be alert to have a good argument with someone; writing teaches you to be precise and ordered in expressing yourself. 1
Discussion 2 Do you agree? 3 Is there a similar idea expressed by a Chinese thinker?
Reading Francis Bacon: An Introduction 1 Which was Bacon most enthusiastic about: science, art or learning? Science. 2
2 Why is Bacon referred to as a Renaissance man? Because he was an expert in several fields. 3 How does the Baconian method work? You use reason to interpret nature and to establish facts.
Reading From of studies Lines between: 1 business./For 2 learned. /To 3 experience./Crafty 4 observation./Read 5 consider./Some 6 things./Reading 3
After Reading 1 (b) 2 (e) 3 (c) 4 (f) 5 (d) 6 (a) 4
1 Ornament means decoration. How can you use studies for decoration? To “decorate” your life with pleasant ideas. 2 A plot is a plan. What might learned men plot? Their studies, their future actions. 5
3 Sloth is a personal characteristic. Is it likely to be a positive or negative characteristic? Negative (laziness). 4 A humour is a state of mind which is motivated by personal feelings, and not reason. Does it have a positive or a negative meaning here? Negative.
5 Crafty means skilful. Does it have a positive or a negative meaning here? Negative. 6 Read by deputy means that a book is read an interpreted by someone else. When might this be useful? If you don’t have time to read it yourself.
1 Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Crafty men condemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them. Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. 6 Antithesis
They each make three points. This gives a sense of logic and planning which makes one believe what the writer says. The last sentence is another example.
subject predicative 2 To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament, is affectation; to make judgment wholly by their rules, is the humour of a scholar. antithesis
predicate adverbial Read not to contradict and confute; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider. Balanced Sentence
They give different examples of behaviour, then make a judgement about what is best. It makes the passage sound like a well-reasoned argument.
Discussion 1 Do you think the passage is written to be read silently or to be read aloud, like a speech? Try reading the passage silently and then aloud. Which do you prefer? 2 Which of the words that Bacon uses in the passage can you use to describe it? delight ornament affectation learned argument 3 Did you enjoy reading the passage? Can you explain why or why not?
Words preview virus worm file avalanche infect attachment n.病毒 n.蠕虫病毒 n.文件，文档 n.突然出现的大量事物 v.感染 n.附件
1 Why are computer viruses dangerous? Because they can destroy the files and information you have on your computer. 2 How do computer viruses spread around the world? They enter personal computers through emails and chat rooms.
Skills building1: English Rhetorical Methods (英语修辞法) in this unit 1 Balanced Sentence (排比句):
e.g. Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Read not to contradict and confute; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider.
Dose it make the passage sound like a well – reasoned argument, or like a set of instructions or advice?
2 Antithesis (对照法) Crafty men condemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them. To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament is affectation; to make judgment wholly by their rules is the humor of a scholar.
3 Allusion (引喻, 典故) I speak Spanish to God, Italian to women, French to men, and German to my horse.
Skills building 2: How to decide the outline? Before writing a composition about your mother tongue, you can first decide the outline of it. That is, from what aspects can you describe your mother tongue. Maybe you can introduce the following aspects of your mother tongue.
Is it a language most different from English? Is it easy to spell ? Is it easy to write? Is it difficult to learn? Is it interesting? Does it have complicated grammar?
A possible version Hello, dear friends. Now, I will introduce my mother tongue to you. My mother tongue is Chinese. Maybe it is one of the most different languages from English.
Compared with English, the pronunciation is much easier. But it is common that many characters have the same pronunciation, so you must be able to tell one from another according to the related contents. Chinese characters are more difficult to write than English and some may have very complicated structures.
One thing I want to emphasize is that its grammar is largely the same with that of English. That will make it a little easier for you to study Chinese. Anyway. Chinese is an interesting language. If you have grasped it, you can use it to express anything you want to vividly.
