1 / 21

Energy Resources

Energy Resources. Renewable Resources Resources that are naturally replenished or regenerated over a short time span – it is renewed on a human time scale i.e. Trees, biofuels (?). Nonrenewable Resources

Anita
Télécharger la présentation

Energy Resources

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Energy Resources

  2. Renewable Resources Resources that are naturally replenished or regenerated over a short time span – it is renewed on a human time scale i.e. Trees, biofuels (?) Nonrenewable Resources Resources that are consumed faster than they can be replenished, it is not renewed on a human time scale i.e. fossil fuels, aluminum, etc. Renewable vs. Nonrenewable

  3. Sources of Energy

  4. Sources of Energy • Nonrenewable sources • Petroleum (38%) • Coal (22%) • Natural Gas (25%) • Nuclear (8%) • Renewable sources • Hydroelectric (4%) • Solar • Wind • Tidal • Geothermal • Biofuels

  5. Trends in Energy Usage

  6. Coal • Organic materials that have escaped oxidation in the carbon cycle. • Plant material that is rapidly buried

  7. Coal Ranking & Formation Rank – amount (%) of carbon (C) in coal , heat content • Peat (pre coal) – soft brown mass of compressed, largely non-decomposed plant material, ~50% C • Lignite – decomposed peat that has been compressed, ~70% C • Bituminous coal – burial increases the pressure and temperature on the lignite and causes a conversion, ~80-90% C • Anthracite coal – complete metamorphism, >93% C

  8. World-wide distribution of coal

  9. U.S. Coal Reserves

  10. Illinois Coal Reserves

  11. Hydrocarbons • Composed of hydrogen and carbon linked together in chains and rings • Natural Gas – simple organic molecules • Crude Oil – complex chains and rings

  12. 0mm 1mm What is the source of oil? • Plankton!

  13. Hydrocarbon Formation • Water borne plankton escape oxidation/decomposition before burial • Plankton is deposited in mud (shale) – Source Rock • Source rock is overlain by more sediment – increasing the pressure (P) & temperature (T) on the source rock • Increase in P & T, breaks down organic debris • Oil forms at 50oC • Methane (natural gas) at 100oC • Hydrocarbons migrates upwards (lower density than water) to a reservoir rock (high porosity, high permeability rock) • Migration is stopped by either an impermeable rock or a structural trap

  14. “Oil Window” • Generation of oil requires a specific temperature range 80 – 160 Co (If above this temperature oil will “burn away”) • Higher temperatures breakdown oil molecules – generate natural gas • Exist in the top most 15-20% of the crust

  15. Reservoir Rock • Porosity – amount of open (void) space in a rock, ability of a rock to store a fluid • Permeability – interconnectedness of the void space, ability of rock to transmit a fluid • Reservoir rock – high porosity, high permeability • Cap (seal) rock – low porosity, low permeability

  16. Structural Traps • 4 common types • Anticline Trap • Salt Dome • Fault Trap • Angular Unconformity Trap

  17. Distribution of Oil and Gas • Found in rocks less than 500 million years old • 85% of oil and gas occur in less than 5% of producing fields • Generally, near Tectonic belts, active in the past 60-70 million years

  18. Daily Assignment • Create a concept map that incorporates the following: Oil Coal Plant Material Plankton Folds Faults Sandstone Shale Labels the pathways-transition between the components appropriately Additional items may be included if you feel they help understand the concepts.

  19. Nuclear Power - Uranium • Uranium (U) – used for nuclear power • Has a Minimum Concentration Factor > 1000 • Source Rock – Igneous • U is leached (dissolved) into groundwater • Deposit Types • Sandstones that have been enriched with U minerals (groundwater enrichment) • U-bearing minerals in rock fractures • Placer Deposits

  20. Geothermal Energy • Temperature increases with depth ~ 3oC/ 100 m • Geothermal energy concentrated where magma is near the surface • Circulation of groundwater allows water to heat up • Hot groundwater drives turbines

More Related