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Carbon Nanotube

A brief description on properties of carbon nanotube

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Carbon Nanotube

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  1. Course: Nanoelectronic Device Arpan Deyasi Nanoelectronic Carbon Nanotube Device Arpan Deyasi RCCIIT, Kolkata 5/16/2021 Arpan Deyasi, RCCIIT, Kolkata 1

  2. What is Carbon Nanotube? Arpan Deyasi CNT is a tubular form of carbon with diameter as small as 1nm and length from few nm to microns. Nanoelectronic CNT is configurationally equivalent to a two dimensional graphene sheet rolled into a tube Device 5/16/2021 Arpan Deyasi, RCCIIT, Kolkata 2

  3. How the sheet is rolled? Arpan Deyasi Chiral vector” or “chirality” describes how a graphene sheet is rolled up to form CNT Nanoelectronic Device CNT might be metallic or semiconducting, depending on its chirality 5/16/2021 Arpan Deyasi, RCCIIT, Kolkata 3

  4. Arpan Deyasi Nanoelectronic Device 5/16/2021 Arpan Deyasi, RCCIIT, Kolkata 4

  5. Armchair (n,m) = (5,5)   = 30  Arpan Deyasi Nanoelectronic Zig Zag (n,m) = (9,0)   = 0  Device Chiral (n,m) = (10,5) 0  <  < 30  5/16/2021 Arpan Deyasi, RCCIIT, Kolkata 5

  6. Why do Carbon Nanotubes form? Arpan Deyasi Graphite (Ambient conditions) sp2hybridization: planar Carbon Nanoelectronic Diamond (High temperature and pressure) sp3hybridization: cubic Device Nanotube/Fullerene (certain growth conditions) sp2 + sp3 character: cylindrical Finite size of graphene layer has dangling bonds. These dangling bonds correspond to high energy states. 5/16/2021 Arpan Deyasi, RCCIIT, Kolkata 6

  7. Band Structure of CNT Arpan Deyasi Nanoelectronic Device E-k diagram Lowest subbands 5/16/2021 Arpan Deyasi, RCCIIT, Kolkata 7

  8. Characteristics of Band Structure •The E-k diagram describes the energy-wave momentum relationship for carriers within the first Brouillon zone. Arpan Deyasi •Each continued line is an allowed level of energy for carriers, or a subband. The E-k diagram thus describes the “bandstructure” of the studied material. Nanoelectronic Device •Subbands closest to the equilibrium Fermi level (denoted E = 0 here) are of particular interest, since they are usually the levels giving rise to current. In CNTbands, these subbands are extracted and subbands”. outputted as “Lowest 5/16/2021 Arpan Deyasi, RCCIIT, Kolkata 8

  9. Band Structure of CNT Arpan Deyasi Nanoelectronic (7,7) CNT Device (4,2) CNT semiconducting metallic CNTs can be metallic or semiconducting depending on its chirality (m,n) If the CNT’s chirality difference (m-n) is a multiple of 3 (includes zero), the CNT is metallic; otherwise, it is semiconducting 5/16/2021 Arpan Deyasi, RCCIIT, Kolkata 9

  10. Arpan Deyasi semiconducting Nanoelectronic Device metallic 5/16/2021 Arpan Deyasi, RCCIIT, Kolkata 10

  11. Density of States of CNT Arpan Deyasi •Density of states vs. energy tells us how many allowed states there are at a certain energy. Nanoelectronic Device 5/16/2021 Arpan Deyasi, RCCIIT, Kolkata 11

  12. Classification of CNT Arpan Deyasi Nanoelectronic Device SWCNT MWCNT 5/16/2021 Arpan Deyasi, RCCIIT, Kolkata 12

  13. Properties of CNT Arpan Deyasi Strongest and most flexible material due to covalent bond Nanoelectronic Very high Young modulus Higher strain than any material Device Very high thermal conductivity in axial direction and very low in radial direction Very high electrical conductivity, and hence current carrying capacity 5/16/2021 Arpan Deyasi, RCCIIT, Kolkata 13

  14. CNT: Implications for electronics Arpan Deyasi Carrier transport is 1-D Nanoelectronic • All chemical bonds are satisfied  use SiO2 as an insulator Device  CNT Electronics not bound to • High mechanical and thermal stability and resistance to electromigration  Current densities upto 109A/cm2can be sustained • Diameter controlled by chemistry, not fabrication • Both active devices and interconnects can be made from semiconducting and metallic nanotubes • 5/16/2021 Arpan Deyasi, RCCIIT, Kolkata 14

  15. Applications of CNT Arpan Deyasi ▪Conductive plastics ▪Flat-panel displays ▪Gas storage ▪Anti-fouling paint ▪Micro- and nano-electronics ▪Radar-absorbing coating ▪High functional textiles ▪Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) tips ▪Batteries with improved lifetime ▪Biosensors for harmful gases ▪Extra strong and conductive fibres ▪Targeting Drug Delivery Nanoelectronic Device ▪Bioengineering applications such as energy storage and conversion devices, radiation sources, and hydrogen storage media 5/16/2021 Arpan Deyasi, RCCIIT, Kolkata 15

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