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When Floods Become Fun Again “Resilient Communities Respond” OEMA 2010 Conference “Community Resiliency - Preparing to

When Floods Become Fun Again “Resilient Communities Respond” OEMA 2010 Conference “Community Resiliency - Preparing to Recover” Hood River, Oregon D. Leslie Miller, P.E. Flood Preparedness Program Manager. Fighting Floods – “So what” Factor….

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When Floods Become Fun Again “Resilient Communities Respond” OEMA 2010 Conference “Community Resiliency - Preparing to

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  1. When Floods Become Fun Again “Resilient Communities Respond” OEMA 2010 Conference “Community Resiliency - Preparing to Recover” Hood River, Oregon D. Leslie Miller, P.E. Flood Preparedness Program Manager

  2. Fighting Floods – “So what” Factor…. March 2008 Cape Girardeau, MO successful flood fight – raised levee height with sandbags May 2001 Davenport, IA successful sandbagging flood fight of John O-Donnell Stadium May 2002 Crystal City, MO successful sandbagging flood fight of Dairy Queen

  3. PERSPECTIVE! The following presentation attempts to compare the fun and excitement we had playing in the sandbox (or other favorite activity) with our friends… to the exhilaration our communities will experience as friends, protecting lives, homes, livelihoods and communities from FLOOD’S DISTRUCTIVE AFFECTS… because we do it together as friends…what is the similarity between: • Tonka Toys & Sand Forms & Plastic Shovels vs. Trucks & Earth Moving Equipment & Flood Fighting Tools • Sand boxes & Beaches vs. Homes & Communities • Play vs. Response friends playing together is fun…

  4. Developing Perspective Playing in the sand with our friends built our imagination, friendships and character, while having so much fun Competing in sports and student government, restoring a jalopy, attaining Gold or Eagle Rank developed our imagination, friendships and character, making them so rewarding Executing a flood fight that is well designed, planned and practiced before the next major flood occurs stimulates our imagination, friendships and character, making the commitment so revitalizing Multi-organizational efforts to prevent repeat flood damage to our public facilities, infrastructure, local economy and homes utilizes our imaginations, establishes and strengthens friendships, and utilizes our character to overcome...yes…overcome challenges, making life exhilarating Flood fighting is intended to reduce flood recovery’s horrible realities until permanent flood mitigation eliminates recovery…90% of flood damage in the United States, is in less than 3 feet of water…you’re already visualizing what this means in your own jurisdiction…aren’t you….

  5. Response is Basic Why Where What When How Who

  6. Basics –Flood Fight Design & Plan…. • Why – Protect Our Friends (Homes, Jobs, Taxes, Community) • Where - Specific location & access (Real Estate agreements) • What - Coordinated Emergency Operations • When – Site specific triggering • How - Collaborative design • Who – Friends who bring resources and “own” their roles responsibilities • A thorough plan will cover preparation, prevention, response and recovery (removal of the barrier not “mucking” out mud from homes and businesses)

  7. Why and Where Require Tough Decisions • Warn and Evacuate Only • Flood Fight not economical • Insufficient time to place a barrier or channel • Flood Fight Priorities • Highest life safety • Highest public benefit (government & non-government organizations) • Highest economic impact (livelihoods & taxes) • Highest residential impact (homes, employees & culture) • Highest environmental impacts (hazardous materials, human detritus and sensitive biomes of endangered species) • All priorities are contingent upon a realistic capability to execute • Policy & Assumptions must be included for the overarching and site specific flood fight planning for neighborhoods, business/industrial districts, special districts (fire, levee, etc.); community, county and state infrastructure; private utilities

  8. Why? Why “choose” to flood fight? • “Personal” action driven by conscience, professional ethic or spiritual convictions • “Essential” action to save life and sustain our community (public buildings, roads and utilities) • “Right-good” action to protect neighbor (homes and neighborhoods; faith, service and cultural facilities) • “Necessary” action to protect our livelihoods (businesses, industry, government) • “Important” action to sustain our environment (health and quality of life – human and nature) • “Sick and tired” of the damage, clean-up, impact to my life, livelihood and community…also, unmet recovery assistance expectations

  9. Where to design and plan a flood fight? • Where permanent flood mitigation takes years to complete • Where previous last minute “spontaneous” flood fight efforts did not meet expectations: • Unsuccessful because the effort started too late for the resources available • “Shooting from the hip” decisions and management caused confusion resulting in ineffective use of resources • “First come first serve” resource allocation prevented resources from reaching higher priority sites

  10. Where to design and plan a flood fight; even more reasons? • Where flood science, history and anecdotal accounts combine to form a cost, time and resource effective: • flood fight design and plan (scope, schedule and resources) • preparedness program (updating, training, exercising, stockpiling) • collaborative vision (benefits of damages prevented and alternate uses of resources) • Where thechance of successful flood damage reduction can increase from 10% to 80% by a rehearsed flood fight • Where it provides the stimulus needed to enlist individuals, community, state, regional and national organizations to combine forces to rehearse a successful flood fight

  11. What must be included in the barrier’s/channel’s design? • Location • Available footprint (length and width) • Foundation (paved, soil, rock) • Height • Water depth plus 6 inches for no/meandering current • Water depth plus 1 foot for current • Access • Placing (every 100’ or less best for sandbagging) • Ingress and egress • Maintaining • Seepage management

  12. When is the flood fight triggered? • Available Time • River/reservoir forecast – current gage height, peak and rate of rise (NWS) • Time difference extrapolated to flood fight site • Flood Fight Actions • Watch/Warning • Emergency Declaration process – local and outside augmentation • Flood fight site preparation • Mobilizing resources – supplies, equipment, people and support • Placement • Factors • Weather • Night • Weekend/Holiday/Trail Blazer or Bowl Game • Plan rehearsed in last three years with all critical partners • Time required = sum of Actions multiplied by Factors • Assumption: Adjusted for actual conditions when “Real Event”

  13. People Leadership Management Administration Technical/Professional Tradesman Labors Supplies Sand, Sandbags, Plastic Earth and Rock Lumber New Technology Equipment Communication Office Construction Filling Transportation Facilities Management Operations Logistics Medical Care & Feeding Who can provide the following resources?

  14. Citizen Volunteers Business & Industry Chamber of Commerce Special Districts, City & County Government Levee & fire districts Planning Departments Public Works & Engineering Port Authorities Emergency Services Schools Non governmental organizations United Way Faith based Social & Youth State Government Emergency Management Public works Safety, fire & health Water Resources Natural Resources Mineral, flora & fauna Military Climatologist Federal Government NOAA, NWS & USGS DOD & BOR NRCS, BLM, USFS & USF&W FEMA & USCG Who do these resources come from?

  15. Who makes up a planning & response team? • Collaborative Design & Planning = Collaborative Response & Recovery • Everyone who is a player during the response and recovery must “own” the design and plan, especially their role and responsibilities • When resources are tight, retirees and volunteers can be selected to form a “Flood Fight Design and Planning Team”

  16. How can the barrier/channel be built? • First design and plan a sandbag barrier/channel • Second design and plan a barrier with one or more of the following tools: • Sandbag filling tools • Baskets • Geotechnical Grids • Impervious Fabrics • Water Filled Bladders • Water Weighted Floaters • Barricades • Agricultural Products and Containers • Third include seepage management and the need for pumps

  17. Flood-Fighting Structures Demonstration and Evaluation Program • US Army Corps of Engineers • Engineering Research and Development Center • Laboratory and Field Testing in Vicksburg, Mississippi • ERDC TR-07-3 Report – July 2007 • Evaluated 4 foot high level of protection: • Sandbag Levee • Hesco Bastion Concertainer Levee • Rapid Deployment Flood Wall (RDFW) • Portadam Levee

  18. Sandbagging • Most flexible and commonly used method • Standard for measuring other systems • Bags made of plastic, burlap and cotton • Standard size is 14”X26” • Filled one-half (30 lbs) to two-thirds (40 lbs) • Untied, tied, flap folded under or not • Three stage operation: fill, transport & place • Fill stage: receive, hold, fill and remove • Bags can be used to hold items in place • Corps test results: • Labor intensive – 3 person team fills 2 bag per minute average over an hour or 120 bag per hour • Results contingent upon number of well organized and trained people • 10 ft. wide foot print (4’ high structure), 16 ft. wide with minimum work area • Very stable on uneven and soft terrain • Low seepage especially with plastic membrane covering barrier • Quick removal by equipment • Separation of bags from sand and disposal contingent upon type of bag, contamination and reuse

  19. Typical Pyramid Sandbag Placement 3 to 1 Base/Height Ratio

  20. Fargo North Dakota - 2009

  21. Fargo North Dakota - 2009

  22. Sandbagging 2009

  23. EZ Bagger • Sandbag filling tool • One person does all three fill jobs – 3 bags/minute or 180 bags/hr • Quickly hooks into and releases bags • Scoop sand to desired fullness • Weighs 14 ounces • Virtually indestructible • Stackable (15”X15” flat) • Fits in most luggage • Available individually or part of sandbagging kits

  24. Flood Fighter • Sandbag filling tool • One person does all three fill jobs – 4 bags per minute or 240 bags/hr • Sandbag slides on the tool, holding it upright (without person holding) • Funnel shaped opening provides easier filling by shovel • Fill to top of bag and slip tool out of bag  • Bag is two thirds full, weighing roughly 40 pounds   • Tool weighs 2.2 pounds • Virtually indestructible polyethylene • Stackable

  25. GoBagger • Sandbag filling tool • One person does all three fill jobs – 3 bags per minute or 180 bags/hr • Hold sandbag on the tool with hand for quick on and easy off • Scoop sand to desired fullness • Weighs 5 lbs. • Ruggedly constructed polyethylene • Stackable

  26. Bucket Bagger • Sandbag filling tool • Two people do all three fill jobs – 6 bags per minute or 360 bags/hr • Bucket holds 11-13 cubic feet of sand - fills 47-56 bags • Double discharge models produce up to 700 bags/hr • Auger will fill bags with sticky soils as well as sand • Hydraulic or electric powered • Quickly attaches and detaches on Bobcat loaders

  27. Sanding Truck Attachment • Sandbag filling machine • One person does all three filling jobs - Average output 500 bags/hr • Replace sand spreader on road sanding truck • Attaches and plugs into the truck’s existing power and hydraulics • Controls and bag table ergonomically designed

  28. MEGGA BAGGER • Sandbag filling machine • Loader and chute operators perform all filling jobs in a continuous operation – 500 to 1000 bags/hr per chute • Single/double chute motorized - manual controls • One or two filling stations • Feet free operation • 2.25/3.75 cubic yard vibrating hopper • Trailer or skid mounted ~ 1,200/1,500 pounds • Average output 500/1000 bags per hour • Single and double chute motorized – auto control • One or two filling stations • Hands and feet free operation, adjust for bag size and fill rate • 2.25/3.75 cubic yard vibrating hopper • Trailer or skid mounted ~ 2,400/2,900 pounds • Average output 1000/2000 bags per hour

  29. Sandbagger - Multibagger • Sandbag filling machines • Loader and chute operators perform all filling jobs in a continuous operation – 200 to 400 bags/hr per chute • Gravity feed • 1 CY 2 chutes 400-500/hr • 2 CY 4 chutes 700-900/hr • Motorized auger& agitator • 2 CY 4 chutes 1600+/hr • Best for wet and sticky soils • Multibagger • 2 CY 3 chutes 1200+/hr • Individually operated chutes • Ergonomic adjustments • All types of fluent materials • Transportable in a pickup truck

  30. Super Sacks - One Ton Bag • Plastic fabric bag filled, transported and placed by heavy equipment – water proof barrier held in place by sandbags recommended • 1.4 yard bag replaces 215 sandbags • 3.5 ft. wide foot print (4’ high protection) • 16’ wide using side casting equipment to fill, like a concrete mixing truck • 26’ wide filling/placing with front end loader • Usually stable on uneven and soft terrain • Low seepage, recommend plastic cover to further reduce seepage and prevent contamination of bag and sand • Quickly installed, removed, emptied and stored; 95% reusable • One yard bag • 3,500 lbs. sand • 34”X36”X38” high • 1.4 yard bag • 5,000 lbs. sand • 40”X40”X48” high • Open or duffle top • Closed or funnel bottom • Bags are a manufacturing waste product which can be reused, but check weight rating • Water treatment trickling filter sand is frequently delivered in these bags

  31. Super Sacks – One Ton Bag

  32. Folded Plastic Barrier – Filled with Sand

  33. CONTINUOUS SAND FILLED TUBES FOR TEMPORARY FLOOD FIGHTING BARRIER • Sand filled continuous fabric tube • Two people with heavy equipment fill and place the equivalent of 120 sandbags per minute or 1 foot of protection for 1000 ft per hour • Pyramid stacking like sandbags • Foot print: • 4’ wide (4’ high structure) • 15’ wide for structure and placement • Very stable on uneven and soft terrain • Low seepage, plastic seepage barrier recommended to reduce seepage and prevent contamination • Quick and easy removal • Single use tube

  34. HESCO Bastion Concertainer® • Native soil filled semi rigid container • Steel mesh framework is lined with non-woven polypropylene material which can be removed • Containers unfold and attach in place by hand • Filled by heavy equipment • 4 ft wide foot print (4’ high structure) • 16’ wide filling with side casting equipment like a concrete mixing truck • 26’ wide filled with standard backhoe loaders or similar equipment. • Corps test results: • Easy & quick to construct and fill • High seepage, especially with gravels and boulders – plastic barrier held in place by sandbags required • Not recommended for sloping or uneven or soft terrain • Easy to dismantle, clean and repair • 75% reusable with Technical Assistance • Units fold flat when empty • Stored on a standard pallet or skid

  35. Hesco Baskets – Jamestown, ND - 2009

  36. Rapid Deployment Flood Wall • Soil filled grid • Plastic grids unfold and attach in place by hand, each grid form a 4’X4’ or 4’X2’ unit 8” high unit • Units are stacked to desired height and filled with sand by heavy equipment • 6 ft wide foot print (4’ high structure) • 20’ wide, filling with side casting equipment like a concrete mixing truck • 30’ wide, filled with standard backhoe loaders or similar equipment. • Corps test results: • Easy & quick to construct • Very low seepage - plastic barrier held in place by sandbags optional, but recommended • Stable on sloping or uneven or soft terrain • Time consuming to remove, clean and repair • 80% reusable and repairable • Units fold flat for storage

  37. RDFW w/ Sandbag RaiseJamestown, ND - 2009

  38. Sandbags, Hesco Baskets & RDFWJamestown North Dakota - 2009

  39. Portadam - Portable Cofferdam Systems • Steel structure with impervious liner • Structure and liner assemble in place by trained crew • 9 ft wide foot print (4’ high structure) • 15 ft wide, for monitoring and seepage management • Corps test results: • Easy & quick to construct • Very low seepage, liner system is flexible, sealing over most irregular contours • Very stable except on soft terrain • Easy & quick to remove, clean and repair • 100% reusable and repairable • Folds flat to store on standard pallet or skid • Use for water diversion or impoundment • The equipment is offered as rental item in heights of 3', 5', 7' and 10‘

  40. Portadam Hydrostatic Loading Creates Seal to Stream Bed

  41. AquaFence • Anchored wall panel system • Trained crew unfolds and assembles panels along pre-installed anchor line & subsurface seepage barrier • 3.9’ wide foot print (3.9’ high structure) • 8 ft wide foot print for monitoring, since assembled from wet side • Rapidly deployed and removed • Nearly no seepage • Not recommended for sloping or uneven or soft terrain • 100% reusable and repairable • Panels fold flat and stored on 4’X7’ pallets • First USA installation in Mt. Vernon, Washington; 2007

  42. Water Inflated Flood Barriers - Aqua Dam • Aquadam® patented system • Uses any water source • Two polyethylene liners contained by a single woven geo-tech outer tube • Two liners provide a non-rolling wall of water • A collar is used to join two or more sections together • 1’- 7’ high tubes provide 100% protection for back-water type sites • For flowing water and/or waves recommended height of protection varies from 67% to 86% of filled height • Rapidly deployed and removed • 15.5’ wide foot print (4.5’ high protection) • Very stable, even on soft soils • Rolls up compactly to store on pallets • 100% reusable and repairable

  43. Aqua Dams® - 2004 Emergency Levee Repair Arcata California – 450‘, 8’ high, three sections

  44. Water Inflated Flood Barriers – FloodWalls™ • FloodWalls™ is a patented system used in Europe for 25 years • Quasi-cylindrical bags provide role over stability • Rapidly deployed and removed • 1’- 6’ high bags yield 67% height for protection • Length 6.5’ to 65’ • Corps evaluated 47” high bag • 31.5” protection, • 7’ wide foot print • 20’ wide for access and seepage management • Very low to moderate seepage – depending upon ground irregularities • Very stable, even on soft soils • Stores compactly • 100% reusable and repairable

  45. Water Inflated Flood Barriers – FloodWalls™

  46. Water Inflated Flood Barriers - WIPP™ • Water Inflated Property Protector (WIPP™) System • Internal baffle system provides role over stability. • 1’- 8’ high filled tubes provide 75% protection or 9”- 6’ • Rapidly deployed and removed • Foot print: • 12.5’ wide foot print (4.9’ high protection) • 20’ wide for access and seepage management • Very low to no seepage depending upon terrain irregularities • Very stable, even on soft soils • Stores compactly • 100% reusable and repairable

  47. Water Filled Barriers – Tiger Dam Systems • Uses any water source • Flexible interlocking tubes • Single tube 19” diameter, 50’ long • Stack like a pyramid up to 20’ held together by straps • Rapidly deployed: fills in 1.5 minutes from fire hydrant or 3 minutes by pump • Assembly • 3 tubes high: 5’ wide foot print (4’ high protection) • 10 ft wide for monitoring and seepage management • Added height by stacking and strapping another row of tubes to back of existing structure • Nearly no seepage • Very stable, even on soft soils • Easily removed, cleaned, repaired and stored • Stores compactly - 50’ delivered in 55 gallon drum • 100% reusable and repairable • Specialty tubes can be used for potable water and others are designed to fill with concrete

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