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Diabetes Definition, Cause, Symptoms,treatment, Complication

Diabetes is a major burden on health-care facilities in all countries. Globally, in 2015, diabetes caused 5 million deaths in those aged 20u201379 years. Diabetes Definition :Diabetes mellitus is a clinical syndrome characterised by an increase in plasma blood glucose (hyperglycaemia). <br>It has many causes .most commonly type 1 diabetes ortype 2 diabetes.<br>Symptomsof Diabetes u2022 Thirst, dry mouth u2022 Polyuria u2022 Nocturia u2022 Tiredness, <br>read more here:<br>https://www.doctorsmediainfo.com/

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Diabetes Definition, Cause, Symptoms,treatment, Complication

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  1. Definition Diabetes mellitus is a clinical syndrome characterized by an increase in plasma blood glucose (hyperglycemia). https://www.doctorsmediainfo.com/

  2. Symptoms of Diabetes Mellitus • Thirst, dry mouth • Polyuria • nocturia • Tiredness, fatigue, lethargy • Change in weight (usually weight loss) • Blurring of vision • Pruritus vulvae, balanitis (genital candidiasis) • nausea • headache

  3. Diabetes is diagnosed by Either plasma glucose in random sample or 2 hrs after a 75 g glucose load ≥ 11.1 mmol/L (200 mg/dl) or • fasting plasma glucose ≥ 7.0 mmol/L (126 mg/dl) or • HbA1c ≥ 48 mmol/mol https://www.doctorsmediainfo.com/

  4. Causes of diabetes mellitus ❑ Type 1 diabetes ❑ type 2 diabetes genetic defects of β-cell function pancreatic disease : pancreatitis, Pancreatectomy, Neoplastic disease, Cystic fibrosis, Haemochromatosis ❑ ❑

  5. Hormone antagonists to insulin, Growth hormone – acromegaly Glucocorticoids – Cushing's syndrome Glucagon – glucagonoma Catecholamines – pheochromocytoma Thyroid hormones – thyrotoxicosis

  6. Drug-induced : Glucocorticoids Thiazide diuretics, Phenytoin Associated with genetic syndromes Down’s syndrome, Klinefelter’s syndrome, Turner’s syndrome, wolfram’s syndrome Friedreich’s ataxia, Myotonic dystrophy)

  7. Diabetes Treatment Dietary constituents and recommended % of energy intake • carbohydrate: 50%: sucrose: up to 10% • fat (total): < 35%: n-6 polyunsaturated: < 10% n-3 polyunsaturated: eat 1 portion (140 g) oily fish once or twice weekly monounsaturated: 10–20% saturated: < 10% • Protein: 10–15% (do not exceed 1 g/kg body weight/day) • Fruit/vegetables: 5 portions daily

  8. Drug management •Insulin •Sulphonylureas •Meglitinides •Metformin • thiazolidinediones (glitazones) •DPP-4 inhibitors (gliptins) •GLP-1 receptor agonists •SGLT2 inhibitors

  9. Complications of diabetes Microvascular • Retinopathy, cataract • Impaired vision nephropathy • renal failure • peripheral neuropathy • Sensory loss • Pain

  10. Autonomic neuropathy gastrointestinal problems (gastroparesis; altered bowel habit) Foot disease ulceration motor weakness postural hypotension arthropathy

  11. Macrovascular •Coronary circulation • myocardial ischaemia/infarction cerebral circulation • transient ischaemic attack stroke peripheral circulation claudication ischaemia

  12. For more information Visit https://www.doctorsmediainfo.com/

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