Living Landscapes Program

1. Using conceptual models to show how we think biodiversity is lost and how it can be conserved Living Landscapes Program

2. Seeing your project clearly ConservationTarget Threats Interventions

3. Conceptual Model Threat (Indirect) Threat (Direct) Intervention Conservation Target Threat (Direct) Intervention Goal Threat (Direct) Intervention Conservation Target Threat (Indirect) Intervention Threat (Direct) Threat (Indirect)

4. Different terms Barrier (Indirect) Barrier (Direct) Opportunity Target Barrier (Direct) Opportunity Goal Barrier (Direct) Opportunity Target Barrier (Indirect) Opportunity Barrier (Direct) Barrier (Indirect)

5. Comparision to problem tree

6. Comparision to logframes GOAL COMPONENT OUTPUT ACTIVTTY OUTPUT ACTIVTTY OUTPUT OUTPUT Source: A guide for project M&E, IFAD

7. Goal Goal Preserve ecosystem function and viable populations of all wildlife in the Apolobamba region Goal Conserve wildlife and their habitat in the Mamiraua landscape over the long-term Goal Conserve biodiversity in Belize’s mangrove forests

8. Conservation Targets Desired State Forest habitat within the park remains unfragmented ConservationTarget Forest habitat within the park Desired State The density of jaguar recovers to levels comparable to Cockscomb, Belize ConservationTarget Jaguar Desired State Viable populations of black howlers are conserved across the Peten ConservationTarget Black howlers

9. Roles of targets • They focus our conservation planning • Targets are proxies for all the flora, fauna and ecological functions within a landscape • Conservation of a target or suite of targets should ensure that you reach your conservation goal • If not then you may need additional targets

10. Picking targets

11. Picking targets

12. Important attributes • Area demanding • Functional role • Threatened by human activities • Charismatic • Can be monitored directly or indirectly

13. Direct Threat Habitat Loss Population depletion Pollution Invasion of exotic species Actor Multi-national firm Threat (Direct) Unsustainable logging Actor Local zoning board Threat (Direct) Housing development Actor Energy Ministry Threat (Direct) Oil spill Threat (Direct) Expansion of water lily Actor Park service Actor Non-local market hunters Threat (Direct) Unsustainable hunting

14. Indirect Threat Management Capacity Awareness and interest Policies, laws, regulations Actor District Council Threat (Indirect) No zoning regulations Actor Protected Area Managers Threat (Indirect) Management needs of wildlife unknown Actor Fish and Wildlife Police Threat (Indirect) Inadequate law enforcement Actor Lower House of Parliament Threat (Indirect) Policy promotes road building Actor Ministry of Environment Staff Threat (Indirect) Conservation impacts unknown

15. Interventions Protected areas Resource management Law and policy Knowledge and awareness Incentives Capacity building Actor Ecoguards Intervention Law enforcement Actor NGO & Local community Intervention Land mapping & zoning Actor NGO Intervention Applied research Actor Ministry staff Intervention Policy reform Actor Govt staff & NGO Intervention Staff training Actor Ranch owner Intervention Fence repair

16. Prioritizing interventions • Strengths and weaknesses of your own organization • Role of other organizations and actors • Authority to take action • Severity of direct threats • Sufficient to effect change

17. Process Threat (Direct) ConservationTarget Threat (Indirect) Threat (Direct) Goal Threat (Direct) ConservationTarget Threat (Indirect) Threat (Direct) ConservationTarget Threat (Indirect)

18. Process Threat (Direct) ConservationTarget Threat (Indirect) Threat (Direct) Intervention Goal Threat (Direct) ConservationTarget Intervention Threat (Indirect) Intervention Threat (Direct) ConservationTarget Threat (Indirect) Intervention

19. Conceptual model Threat (Direct) Dieoffs from oil pollution Intervention Info to oil watch ConservationTarget Giant otter Intervention FCUNAE training Intervention Gov. capacity Threat (Indirect) Lack of planning skills Threat (Direct) Unsustainable fishing Threat (Indirect) Weak mgmt capacity Threat (Indirect) Park borders not enforced Goal Conserve wildlife and their habitat in the Putumayo landscape over the long term Threat (Direct) Unsustainable hunting Threat (Indirect) Lack of planning info ConservationTarget White-lipped peccary Threat (Indirect) Insecure land tenure Threat (Indirect) Anarchic colonization Threat (Direct) Farming and Ranching Intervention Research on wildlife Intervention Monitor land use ConservationTarget Native landcover Intervention Land titling Threat (Direct) Logging

20. Divide and simplify Threat (Indirect) Threat (Direct) Intervention Conservation Target Goal Threat (Direct) Intervention Threat (Direct) Intervention Conservation Target Goal Threat (Indirect) Intervention Threat (Direct) Threat (Indirect)

21. Working group instructions Steps • 2:30 hrs conceptual model building • Overview of project – 10 minutes • Goal – 15 minutes • Conservation targets – 40 minutes • Direct and Indirect threats – 40 minutes • Causal chains & networks – 15 minutes • Interventions – 30 minutes • Attach cards to flip-chart paper or the wall • Take a Digital Photo!