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Shareholding Rights of a Subsidiary in its Parent Company

In this corporate world, a subsidiary company is known as an entity that is owned and controlled by its<br>parent company. The parent companies own more than 50% of the stock and also control the operations<br>of the subsidiary. However, when 100 percent of the shares of an Indian subsidiary are owned by another<br>company, such a company is known as a wholly owned subsidiary

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Shareholding Rights of a Subsidiary in its Parent Company

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  1.   Shareholding Rights of a Subsidiary in its Parent Company             Introduction   In this corporate world, a subsidiary company is known as an entity that is owned and controlled by its parent company. The parent companies own more than 50% of the stock and also control the operations of the subsidiary. However, when 100 percent of the shares of an Indian subsidiary are owned by another company,  such a company is known as a wholly owned subsidiary. As per the Companies Act, 2013 a subsidiary company has no right to hold or own the shares of its holding company. In this blog, we will discuss the shareholding rights of a subsidiary company in its holding company under Section 19.     What is a subsidiary?   A  subsidiary  company  is  a  company  that  is  controlled  and  operated  by  another  company,  and  the controlling company can be either a parent company or a holding company. It is a separate legal entity governed under the Companies Act, 2013. However, he may acquire, alienate and purchase property in his name  and  the  existence  of  the  company  shall  not  be  affected  by  the death or removal of any of the   members.     What is a parent company?   A parent company is a company that owns more than half of the stock of an Indian subsidiary and can therefore control its operations. A parent company is a holding company that owns a significant number   of voting shares of another company.                            

  2.     Shareholding Rights of a Subsidiary in its Parent Company   As per the provisions of Section 19 of the Companies Act, 2013, a subsidiary company is prohibited from holding any shares in its parent company, by itself or its nominee. In other words, the Indian subsidiary has  no  shareholding  rights  in  its  holding  company.  A  provision  of  the  Act  also  prohibits  a  holding company from allotting any shares in its Indian subsidiary.   However, there are certain cases where a subsidiary company holds shares in its parent company. The   cases are as follows.   ● A  subsidiary  company  holds  shares  in  its  parent  company  as  the  legal  representative  of  a   deceased member of the holding company. ● An Indian subsidiary may own shares of the parent company as a trustee. ● When  an  Indian  subsidiary  is  functioning  as a shareholder in its holding company prior to the   establishment of that holding company. ● An Indian subsidiary has the right to vote in a meeting of the holding company only as a legal representative or in respect of shares as a trustee, as referred to in (a) and (b).   What would be the effect if a subsidiary company could hold shares in its parent company?   ● There  will  be  overlapping  interests  of  the  members  of  the  holding  company  as  well  as  the   subsidiary company. ● The holding company's control over its Indian subsidiary will be affected. ● For  the  parent  company,  the  objective  of  solving  critical issues and risk diversification will no   longer exist. ● A holding company may not enjoy various tax benefits. ● Dividend distribution will be a matter of conflict between parent and subsidiary companies.    A holding company in India is an authority that exists independently and manages other companies via   ownership of their shares.         Summary   A subsidiary company has no shareholding rights in its parent company as per the provisions of section 19.  Such  allotment  or  transfer  of  shares  is  prohibited  under  the  Companies  Act.  However,  there  are certain legal conditions under which a subsidiary company can own the shares of the holding company. In case the holding company is limited by guarantee or the unlimited company has no share capital, the shares shall be converted in the interest of the members and then it shall determine that such company is   a holding company of Indian subsidiary.                                                  

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