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SOUTHEASTERN WISCONSIN WATER SUPPLY ISSUES AND REGIONAL WATER SUPPLY PLANNING PROGRAM OVERVIEW

SOUTHEASTERN WISCONSIN WATER SUPPLY ISSUES AND REGIONAL WATER SUPPLY PLANNING PROGRAM OVERVIEW. Presentation for Ozaukee County Board of Supervisors and MATC FIRST FRIDAYS Community Partnership Forum Series “THE FUTURE OF OZAUKEE COUNTY’S WATER SUPPLY” May 6, 2005.

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SOUTHEASTERN WISCONSIN WATER SUPPLY ISSUES AND REGIONAL WATER SUPPLY PLANNING PROGRAM OVERVIEW

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  1. SOUTHEASTERN WISCONSIN WATER SUPPLY ISSUES AND REGIONAL WATER SUPPLY PLANNING PROGRAM OVERVIEW Presentation for Ozaukee County Board of Supervisorsand MATC FIRST FRIDAYS CommunityPartnership Forum Series “THE FUTURE OFOZAUKEE COUNTY’S WATER SUPPLY” May 6, 2005

  2. SOUTHEASTERN WISCONSIN WATER SUPPLY ISSUES AND REGIONAL WATER SUPPLY PLANNING PROGRAM OVERVIEW PRESENTATION OVERVIEW • REGIONAL SETTING • WATER SUPPLY ISSUES • REGIONAL WATER SUPPLY PLANNING PROGRAM • PLANNING CHALLENGES

  3. Southeastern Wisconsin Water Supply Issues and Regional Water Supply Planning Program Overview AREAS SERVED BY PUBLIC AND PRIVATE WATER SUPPLYSYSTEMS IN SOUTHEASTERN WISCONSIN: 2000 2,700 Square Miles (62% west of Divide) 2.0 Million People Public Water Supply • Lake Michigan • Nine Plants (30 systems) • 1.2 Million People • 210 mgd • Groundwater • 50 Systems • 400,000 People • 55 mgd Private Water Supply • 400,000 People • 38 mgd

  4. SOUTHEASTERN WISCONSIN WATER SUPPLY ISSUES AND REGIONAL WATER SUPPLY PLANNING PROGRAM OVERVIEW TRENDS IN WATER USE IN MILWAUKEE AND OZAUKEE COUNTIES: 1979-2000 (IN MILLION GALLONS PER DAY)* *Excludes power generation uses – 1,867 million gallons per day of surface water in Milwaukee County and 119 mgd in Ozaukee County in 2000.

  5. HISTORIC PER CAPITA WATER USE IN MILWAUKEE AND OZAUKEE COUNTIES(gallons per person per day)

  6. General Hydrogeology of Southeast Wisconsin 20 miles Maquoketa subcrop Lake Michigan Milwaukee Sand-and gravel aquifer 2200 feet Silurian aquifer Sandstone aquifer Maquoketa aquitard

  7. “Dolomite” Aquifer: -Silurian dolomite -Fracture-dominated flow -Only present in east -Important for municipal and domestic wells

  8. “Sandstone” Aquifer: -Sandstone, dolomite -Regionally extensive -Excellent aquifer -Porous flow -Most high-capacity wells -Occurs beneath shale in east Exposure of Sandstone in the Wisconsin Dells

  9. Relative well depths domestic wells: 100-300 ft deep most municipal wells: ~200-800 ft deep deepest wells: ~2200 ft deep (municipal wells in SE WI) tallest buildings: ~600 ft high dolomite shale sandstone granite

  10. Water Supply IssuesFocus on Southeastern Wisconsin DEEP AQUIFER SYSTEM • QUANTITY.Historic and Continued Drawdownof Up to Four to Five Feet per Year • QUALITY.Concerns in Some Systems Relatedto Radium and Dissolved Solids • RADIUM COMPLIANCE ISSUES.22 Systemsin Southeastern Wisconsin (53 in Wisconsin) • COMPLIANCE DATES.2006-2009

  11. Water Supply IssuesFocus on Southeastern Wisconsin SHALLOW AQUIFER SYSTEM • CURRENT QUANTITY.Currently Very Limited Problems Due to Seasonal and Longer-Term Dry Weather Conditions. Problems Are Limited in Extent—Not Widespread • FUTURE QUANTITY.There Are Sustainability and Potential Surface Water and Wetland Base Flow Impacts If Uses Greatly Increase, Particularly If This Aquifer is Used As An Alternative to the Deep Aquifer • SURFACE WATER CONFLICTS. Conflicts Over New Well Siting and Surface Water Advocates and Existing Groundwater Users • QUALITY.Isolated Problems • Arsenic Concerns. Six Municipal Systems • 24 Special Well Casing Areas

  12. Water Supply Issues Focus on Southeastern Wisconsin LOCATION OF SPECIAL WELLCASING REQUIREMENT AREASIN SOUTHEASTERN WISCONSIN

  13. Water Supply IssuesFocus on Southeastern Wisconsin LAKE MICHIGAN SUPPLY • LAKE MICHIGAN.Treated Water is An Ample, High-Quality Source. Its Use is ConstrainedBy Diversion Laws and Policies. Current Treatment Plants Have Substantial Potentially Excess Capacity (diversion laws and policies are not a major constraint in Ozaukee County)

  14. Water Supply IssuesFocus on Southeastern Wisconsin

  15. SOUTHEASTERN WISCONSIN WATER SUPPLY ISSUES AND REGIONAL WATER SUPPLY PLANNING PROGRAM OVERVIEW REGIONAL WATER SUPPLY PLANNINGPROGRAM – THREE ELEMENTS(COORDINATED WITH AND DESIGNED TO COMPLEMENT LOCAL ACTIONS) REGIONAL • Conduct Basic Groundwater Inventories(Completed in 2001 With Partner—WGNHSand WDNR) • Collect Additional Inventory Data and Develop Regional Groundwater Simulation Model(Completed with Partners—USGS, WGNHS,and WDNR) • Prepare Regional Water Supply System Plan (Preliminary Study Funding In Place, Study Organization is Underway)

  16. First Element – Basic Groundwater Inventories DEPTH TO BEDROCKIN SOUTHEASTERN WISCONSIN

  17. A Cooperative Project… Second Element – GroundwaterModel Development

  18. Second Element – Groundwater Model Development Modeling Objectives inSoutheastern Wisconsin • Understand Present GW System • Study Current and Future Impactsof Groundwater Use • Water Supply Plan--Simulate Alternative Management Options • Delineate Contributing Areasfor Wellhead Protection • Provide a Framework for Site-Specific Models and Studies

  19. Shallow Deep The following series of slides shows the simulated history of groundwater pumping and groundwater levels in southeast Wisconsin from the late 1800s through the present Water Levels in the Sandstone Aquifer (feet above sea level) Well Locations and Pumping Rates Pre-1864

  20. Shallow Deep Water Levels in the Sandstone Aquifer (feet above sea level) Well Locations and Pumping Rates 1880-1900

  21. Shallow Deep Water Levels in the Sandstone Aquifer (feet above sea level) Well Locations and Pumping Rates 1920-1930

  22. Shallow Deep Water Levels in the Sandstone Aquifer (feet above sea level) Well Locations and Pumping Rates 1950-1961

  23. Shallow Deep Water Levels in the Sandstone Aquifer (feet above sea level) Well Locations and Pumping Rates 1970-1980

  24. Shallow Deep Water Levels in the Sandstone Aquifer (feet above sea level) Well Locations and Pumping Rates 1990-2000

  25. Shallow Deep The Milwaukee/Chicago cone of depression is one of the largest areas of groundwater drawdown in North America Water Levels in the Sandstone Aquifer (feet above sea level) Well Locations and Pumping Rates 2010-2020

  26. Pumping Has AlteredGroundwater Flow Directions 2000 1900 recharge and local flow recharge and local flow

  27. Third and Final ElementProposed Regional Water Supply Plan • Development of Water Supply Service Areas and of Forecast Demand for Water Use • Development of Recommendations for Water Conservation Efforts to Reduce Water Demand • Evaluation of Alternative Sources of Supply, Culminating in Identification of Recommended Sources of Supply for Each Service Area and in Recommendations for Development of the Basic Infrastructure Required to Deliver that Supply (in Ozaukee County, Lake Michigan option consideration expected for Cedarburg, Grafton, Fredonia, Saukville, as well as for added areas in Mequon)

  28. Third and Final ElementProposed Regional Water Supply Plan(continued) • Identification of Groundwater Recharge Areas to Be Protected from Incompatible Development • Specification of Any New Institutional Structures Found Necessary to Carry Out the Plan Recommendations • Identification of Any Constraints to Development Levels in Subareas of the Region that May Emanate from Water Supply Sustainability Concerns

  29. Water Supply Planning Challenges OVERALL CHALLENGE – To Develop a Plan for the Provision of Long-Term Sources of High-Quality Water for the Southeastern Wisconsin Region • Determine a Balance and an Efficient Management Program for Sources of Supply: • Lake Michigan (consistent with regulations & policies) • Shallow Aquifer • Deep (Regional) Aquifer (with treatment) • Precipitation (?) Recharge Enhancement • Other Recharge Enhancements

  30. Water Supply Planning Challenges BALANCE GROUNDWATER WATER SUPPLY NEEDS WITH SURFACE WATER IMPACTS

  31. Water Supply Planning Challenges CHALLENGE–Integration of Water Supply Planning with Land Use and Comprehensive (“Smart Growth”) Planning • Link Reasonably Expected Water Supply Capacities As One of Several Factors Considered in Future Land Use Decisions – This Requires Water Supply Facilities Plan • Take Into Account Important Water Supply Considerations in Establishing Land Use Patterns • Preserve Important Groundwater Recharge Areas • Protect Existing and Future Well Zone of Contribution Areas • Promote Local Zoning to Protect Areas Most Susceptible to Groundwater Contamination

  32. Water Supply Planning Challenges CHALLENGE–Integration of Water Supply Planning with Land Use and Comprehensive (“Smart Growth”) Planning • Promote Low Impact and Other Development Patterns and Stormwater Management Practices Which Maintain the Natural Hydrology • Potential Limits to Development Density in Selected Areas to Help Achieve a Safe Water Supply

  33. Water Supply Planning Challenges CHALLENGE – Water Conservation • Determine What Levels Are Achievable and At What Cost • Balance Conservation and Economic Development Objectives • Implementation – How to Achieve

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