1 / 40

Pakistan Floods July-August 2010

Pakistan. What is a flood? Pakistan country. Pakistan health statistics before the flood ... Causes of Pakistan floods 2010. Response to Pakistan floods 2010 ...

Gideon
Télécharger la présentation

Pakistan Floods July-August 2010

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

    Pakistan Floods July-August 2010 Just-in-Time Lecture www.pitt.edu/~super/

    Slide 1:This lecture is dedicated by Global Health Disaster Network (GHDN) to the victims of Pakistan Floods 2010. Please send the messages to “aardalan@gmail.com”, and “Ronlaporte@aol.com”. It would be great to have you involved. Authors: I.R.Iran: Ali Ardalan MD, PhD. National Institute of Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Narges Roohi MSc. National Institute of Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Pakistan: Sunita Dodani MD, PhD, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA Asim Beg, MD, PhD, Associate Professor, Aga Khan University United States: Ronald E. LaPorte PhD. Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Faina Linkov MD School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Russia: Eugene Shubnikov MD, Institute of Internal Medicine, Novosibirsk India: Swati Y Bhave MD DCH FCPS FIAP FAAP, Indraprashtha Apollo Hospital, New DehliThis lecture is dedicated by Global Health Disaster Network (GHDN) to the victims of Pakistan Floods 2010. Please send the messages to “aardalan@gmail.com”, and “Ronlaporte@aol.com”. It would be great to have you involved. Authors: I.R.Iran: Ali Ardalan MD, PhD. National Institute of Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Narges Roohi MSc. National Institute of Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Pakistan: Sunita Dodani MD, PhD, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA Asim Beg, MD, PhD, Associate Professor, Aga Khan University United States: Ronald E. LaPorte PhD. Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Faina Linkov MD School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Russia: Eugene Shubnikov MD, Institute of Internal Medicine, Novosibirsk India: Swati Y Bhave MD DCH FCPS FIAP FAAP, Indraprashtha Apollo Hospital, New Dehli

    The Global Disaster Health Network is designed to translate the best possible scholarly information to educators worldwide. Pakistan Mission Statement

    Slide 2:The Supercourse: A global network of 55,000 academic faculty from 172 countries (http://www.pitt.edu/~super1). More than 3,418 cutting edge lectures from leading scientists including 6 noble prize winner. The mission is to provide for free the best possible education materials on health, here it is applied to flood disaster. For more information, please view the following lectures: Introduction to the Supercourse. By Ronald E LaPorte http://www.pitt.edu/~super1/lecture/lec0012/index.htm Supercourse overview. By the Supercourse team http://www.pitt.edu/~super1/lecture/lec6961/index.htm Turning the Alley of Information Exchange in Developing Countries to the Super Highway. By: Ali Ardalan http://www.pitt.edu/~super1/lecture/lec16681/index.htm The Supercourse: A global network of 55,000 academic faculty from 172 countries (http://www.pitt.edu/~super1). More than 3,418 cutting edge lectures from leading scientists including 6 noble prize winner. The mission is to provide for free the best possible education materials on health, here it is applied to flood disaster. For more information, please view the following lectures: Introduction to the Supercourse. By Ronald E LaPorte http://www.pitt.edu/~super1/lecture/lec0012/index.htm Supercourse overview. By the Supercourse team http://www.pitt.edu/~super1/lecture/lec6961/index.htm Turning the Alley of Information Exchange in Developing Countries to the Super Highway. By: Ali Ardalan http://www.pitt.edu/~super1/lecture/lec16681/index.htm

    What is the Disaster Supercourse? What is a JIT lecture? http://www.pitt.edu/~super1 Pakistan

    Slide 3:Just-in-time lecture: A JIT lecture is one of the special applications of the Disaster Supercourse blossoms when a major event happens around the world. These Cutting Edge Educational lectures aim to reduce fear and save lives by providing the best possible knowledge. In the field of disasters, continuous “CNN Type” PowerPoint lectures are provided on the science aspect of disasters and the epidemiology of their consequences. Just-in-time lecture: A JIT lecture is one of the special applications of the Disaster Supercourse blossoms when a major event happens around the world. These Cutting Edge Educational lectures aim to reduce fear and save lives by providing the best possible knowledge. In the field of disasters, continuous “CNN Type” PowerPoint lectures are provided on the science aspect of disasters and the epidemiology of their consequences.

    What is a flood? Pakistan country Pakistan health statistics before the flood Impacts of Pakistan floods 2010 Causes of Pakistan floods 2010 Response to Pakistan floods 2010 Health needs of the floods affected communities How to protect ourselves from floods? Disaster risk reduction Pakistan Lecture Highlights

    Slide 4:Target audiences: Academic educators Educators in general Target audiences: Academic educators Educators in general

    Pakistan Pakistan Country Source: http://geology.com/world/pakistan-satellite-image.shtml Capital: Islamabad Largest city: Karachi Official language(s): Urdu and English Regional languages: Punjabi, Pashto, Sindhi, Seraiki and Balochi Demony:m Pakistani Government: Federal Parlimentary Republic Total area: 803,940 Km2 (36th world largest country) Pakistan Pakistan Country Population (2010): 170,294,000 Density: 211.8/ Km2 GDP (PPP) (2010): Total: $451.972 billion Per capita: $2,731 GDP (nominal): Total: $177,901 billion Per capita: $1,067 Gini (2005): 31.2 (Medium) HDI (2007): 0.572 (Medium) Currency: Pakistani Rupee (Rs.) Source: Wikipedia Pakistan Pakistan Health Statistics Source: World Health Statistics 2008 (Figures are for 2006 unless indicated) Pakistan Floods A flood is a temporary covering by water of land not normally covered by water Some floods develop slowly, some flood s happen during a very short time Floods are one of the most common hazards in the world Floods trend and their intensity are increasing due to climate change worldwide.

    Slide 8:The word "flood" comes from the Old English flod, a word common to Germanic languages. Compare German Flut, Dutch vloed from the same root as is seen in flow, float; also compare with Latin fluctus, flumen. (Wikipedia)The word "flood" comes from the Old English flod, a word common to Germanic languages. Compare German Flut, Dutch vloed from the same root as is seen in flow, float; also compare with Latin fluctus, flumen. (Wikipedia)

    Pakistan Flash Floods Flash floods can develop quickly, sometimes in just a few minutes and without any visible signs of rain The flash floods’ lead time in some part of the US is as short as 60 seconds and in west part of Golestan province, Iran, as 15 minutes Is the most killer type of floods Pakistan Floods can occurs: Outside a river or stream, when a levee is breached When a dam breaks In rivers, when flow exceeds the capacity of the river channel Damage to homes and businesses if they are placed in flood plains of rivers Pakistan Human Beings are at increasing risk of floods! Human being likes to live next to water! No matter how the areas are threatened by floods! Of course, the human being has the experience to mitigate the risk of floods in many areas. But most parts of the world do not know about these experiences or do not have enough capacity to use them! Pakistan Floods Adverse Effects Primary effects Physical damage - Can damage any type of structure, including bridges, cars, buildings, sewer systems, roadways and canals Casualties - People and livestock die due to drowning. It can also lead to epidemics and waterborne diseases. Secondary effects Water supplies – Contamination of waters Diseases - Unhygienic conditions and spread of water-borne disease Crops and food supplies - Shortage of food crops can be caused due to loss of entire harvest. Trees - Non-tolerant species can die from suffocation. Tertiary/long-term effects Economic - Economic hardship, due to: temporary decline in tourism, rebuilding costs, food shortage leading to price increase ,etc. Pakistan World’s Deadliest Floods Pakistan Flood Damages to Pakistan, July-August 2010, by Affected Provinces Source: Pakistan National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA). http://ndma.gov.pk/flood-2010.html KPK: Khyber Pakhtunkhwa AJ&K: Azad Jammu and Kashmir

    Slide 14:A major concern is that farmers will be unable to meet the fall deadline for planting new seeds in 2010, meaning a massive loss of food production in 2011, and potentially leading to long term food shortages. Damages include over 700,000 acres of lost cotton crops, 200,000 acres of sugar cane and 200,000 acres of rice, in addition to the loss of over 500,000 tonnes of stocked wheat, 300,000 acres of animal fodder and the stored grain losses   A major concern is that farmers will be unable to meet the fall deadline for planting new seeds in 2010, meaning a massive loss of food production in 2011, and potentially leading to long term food shortages. Damages include over 700,000 acres of lost cotton crops, 200,000 acres of sugar cane and 200,000 acres of rice, in addition to the loss of over 500,000 tonnes of stocked wheat, 300,000 acres of animal fodder and the stored grain losses  

    Pakistan Comparison of Pakistan 2010 Floods Damages with other Major Disasters Source: Pakistan National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA). http://ndma.gov.pk/Documents/flood_2010/flood_comparison.pdf *Based on initial assessments Pakistan Map of Flood Affected Area in Pakistan

    Slide 16:A fifth of Pakistan's total land area are affected by 2010 floods.   NASA space shots of the flooding:  http://www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/features/flood20100820.html http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=45343 http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=45200 http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.cfm?release=2010-274 http://www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/features/pia13343.html A fifth of Pakistan's total land area are affected by 2010 floods.   NASA space shots of the flooding:  http://www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/features/flood20100820.html

    Pakistan 2010 Extreme Weather Events around the World ! Heat wave and wildfires in the Russian Federation Monsoonal flooding in Pakistan Rain-induced landslides in China Calving of a large iceberg from the Greenland ice sheet Droughts and fires in Australia High-temperature days in the eastern the US Source: WMO. http://www.wmo.int/pages/mediacentre/news/extremeweathersequence_en.html Pakistan Pakistan Floods 2010: Is it related to Climate Change? Aggravated the Monsoon activity by the la Niña phenomenon in the Pacific Ocean, according to World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Scientific projections show the association between intense extreme weather events and global warming, however, longer time investigations required to establish whether an individual event is attributable to climate change! Until the science finds absolute relationship, in the meanwhile, however, we can protect the globe from carbon-emitting industries! Source: WMO. http://www.wmo.int/pages/mediacentre/news/extremeweathersequence_en.html Pakistan El Niño/La Niña-Southern Oscillation, or ENSO A climate pattern that occurs across the tropical Pacific Ocean on average every 5 years (ranged 3 to 7 years) Characterized by temperature variations of the surface of the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean: Warming phase: El Niño, accompanies high air surface pressure in the west Pacific Cooling phase: La Niña, accompanies low air surface pressure in the west Pacific. Sources: UN/ ISDR, Living with Risk, Geneva, 2004 Wikipedia. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_nina

    Slide 19:ENSO causes extreme weather such as floods, droughts and other weather disturbances in many regions of the world. Developing countries dependent upon agriculture and fishing, particularly those bordering the Pacific Ocean, are the most affected. El Niño is Spanish for "the boy" and refers to the Christ Child, because periodic warming in the Pacific near South America is usually noticed around Christmas. La Nian refers to “the girl”. ENSO causes extreme weather such as floods, droughts and other weather disturbances in many regions of the world. Developing countries dependent upon agriculture and fishing, particularly those bordering the Pacific Ocean, are the most affected. El Niño is Spanish for "the boy" and refers to the Christ Child, because periodic warming in the Pacific near South America is usually noticed around Christmas. La Nian refers to “the girl”.

    Pakistan Pakistan Floods Forecasting You can follow the floods treat in Pakistan through Pakistan Meteorology Organization at: http://www.pakmet.com.pk/FFD/index_files/fbc.htm   GIS maps of floods affected areas can be found at: http://www.pakmet.com.pk/FloodMap/Floodwar/floodwar-01.html Pakistan Response to Pakistan Floods National and international communities has launched the immediate response to the affected people in Pakistan However, there are difficulties during disaster responses: Millions are in need Inaccessible or hard to reach areas, as the roads are destructed and lands are submerged by floods water Political relationship affects providing or accepting the relief aids Donors are concerned whether the funds will reach Taliban instead flood victims Security issues Unexploded mines Pakistan Health Cluster: the Coordination Mechanism on the Ground Disasters brings many players to the field. To maximize the coordination, health partners need to work to jointly assess and analyse information, prioritize the interventions, build an evidence-based strategy and action plan, monitor the health situation and the health sector response, adapt/re-plan as necessary, mobilize resources and advocate for humanitarian health action. WHO is the leading agency and coordinates the Health Cluster. Read more about Health Cluster at: http://www.who.int/hac/global_health_cluster/about/en/index.html Pakistan Pakistan Health Needs: Safe drinking water Appropriate food Doctors & nurses Medicine Disease surveillance system Reproductive health Mental health support Be alert for the water-borne outbreaks Please see the Health Cluster report at: http://www.who.int/hac/crises/pak/sitreps/16august2010/en/index.html Pakistan Timely and accurate information: A crucial priority for effective response! Coordination requires information Do not stop providing the assistance until you get precise information! Conduct your assessments and ensure they are followed by an established information system Avoid individual assessment , make it efficient by joining the Health Cluster Public health surveillance can be the basic information system, not only to help the Health Cluster, but also the other relief provides Pakistan The most Vulnerable Victims Ensure all assessments and response efforts take into consideration the needs of: Women at child bearing age Pregnant women Children Elderly Disables Pakistan Recovery toward Sustainable Development The disaster managers need to plan for the long term needs and quality of life of the affected people The plan for recovery phase should be launched now! Pakistan How can we protect ourselves from a flood? Flood can occur no matter where you live, but especially low-lying areas and the area near water or downstream from a dam are the highest risk. Please see the next slides for FEMA guideline on protection from floods! Source: FEMA. http://www.fema.gov/hazard/flood/index.shtm Pakistan Before a Flood Avoid building in a flood prone area unless you elevate and reinforce your home. Elevate the furnace, water heater, and electric panel if susceptible to flooding. Install "check valves" in sewer traps to prevent floodwater from backing up into the drains of your home. Contact community officials to find out if they are planning to construct barriers (levees, beams, floodwalls) to stop floodwater from entering the homes in your area. Seal the walls in your basement with waterproofing compounds to avoid seepage. Source: FEMA. http://www.fema.gov/hazard/flood/index.shtm Pakistan During a Flood (1) If a flood is likely in your area, you should: Listen to the radio or television for information. Be aware that flash flooding can occur. If there is any possibility of a flash flood, move immediately to higher ground. Do not wait for instructions to move. Be aware of streams, drainage channels, canyons, and other areas known to flood suddenly. Flash floods can occur in these areas with or without such typical warnings as rain clouds or heavy rain. If you must prepare to evacuate, you should do the following: Secure your home. If you have time, bring in outdoor furniture. Move essential items to an upper floor. Source: FEMA. http://www.fema.gov/hazard/flood/index.shtm Pakistan During a Flood (2) Turn off utilities at the main switches or valves if instructed to do so. Disconnect electrical appliances. Do not touch electrical equipment if you are wet or standing in water. If you have to leave your home, remember these evacuation tips: Do not walk through moving water. Six inches of moving water can make you fall. If you have to walk in water, walk where the water is not moving. Use a stick to check the firmness of the ground in front of you. Do not drive into flooded areas. If floodwaters rise around your car, abandon the car and move to higher ground if you can do so safely. You and the vehicle can be quickly swept away. Source: FEMA. http://www.fema.gov/hazard/flood/index.shtm Pakistan Driving Flood Facts Six inches of water will reach the bottom of most passenger cars causing loss of control and possible stalling. A foot of water will float many vehicles. Two feet of rushing water can carry away most vehicles including sport utility vehicles (SUV’s) and pick-ups. Source: FEMA. http://www.fema.gov/hazard/flood/index.shtm Pakistan After a Flood Listen for news reports to learn whether the community’s water supply is safe to drink. Avoid floodwaters; water may be contaminated by oil, gasoline, or raw sewage. Water may also be electrically charged from underground or downed power lines. Avoid moving water. Be aware of areas where floodwaters have receded. Roads may have weakened and could collapse under the weight of a car. Stay away from downed power lines, and report them to the power company. Source: FEMA. http://www.fema.gov/hazard/flood/index.shtm Pakistan After a Flood Return home only when authorities indicate it is safe. Stay out of any building if it is surrounded by floodwaters. Use extreme caution when entering buildings; there may be hidden damage, particularly in foundations. Service damaged septic tanks, cesspools, pits, and leaching systems as soon as possible. Damaged sewage systems are serious health hazards. Clean and disinfect everything that got wet. Mud left from floodwater can contain sewage and chemicals. Source: FEMA. http://www.fema.gov/hazard/flood/index.shtm

    Slide 34:What is a Disaster?

    A disaster is a function of the risk process. It results from the combination of hazards, conditions of vulnerability and insufficient capacity or measures to reduce the potential negative consequences of risk. What is a Disaster? Source: UN/ISDR Slide from Supercourse Library - http://www.pitt.edu/~super1/lecture/lec32351/051.htmSlide from Supercourse Library - http://www.pitt.edu/~super1/lecture/lec32351/051.htm

    Slide 35:A potentially damaging physical event, phenomenon or human activity that may cause the loss of life or injury, property damage, social and economic disruption or environmental degradation.

    Hazard Source: UN/ISDR

    Slide 36:What is the Vulnerability?

    The conditions determined by physical, social, economic, and environmental factors or processes, which increase the susceptibility of a community to the impact of hazards. Pakistan vulnerability to flood hazard Vulnerability Source: UN/ISDR

    Slide 37:Risk

    The probability of harmful consequences, or expected losses (deaths, injuries, property, livelihoods, economic activity disrupted or environment damaged) resulting from interactions between natural or human-induced hazards & vulnerable conditions. Risk = Hazards x Vulnerability/Readiness Source: UN/ISDR Slide from Supercourse Library - http://www.pitt.edu/~super1/lecture/lec32351/049.htmSlide from Supercourse Library - http://www.pitt.edu/~super1/lecture/lec32351/049.htm

    Slide 38:30 years continuous evolution in the practice of Crisis or Disaster Management

    Civil defense Emergency assistance Disaster response and relief Humanitarian assistance Emergency management Civil protection Disaster mitigation and prevention Disaster Risk Management Strategic shift from managing a disastrous event to more preventive and proactive approaches!! Decades of Experience Source: UN/ISDR Slide from Supercourse Library - http://www.pitt.edu/~super1/lecture/lec32351/045.htm Slide from Supercourse Library - http://www.pitt.edu/~super1/lecture/lec32351/045.htm

    Slide 39:Disaster Risk Reduction

    The conceptual framework of elements considered with the possibilities to minimize vulnerabilities and disaster risks throughout a society, to avoid (prevention) or to limit (mitigation and preparedness) the adverse impacts of hazards, within the broad context of sustainable development ! Source: UN/ISDR Slide from Supercourse Library - http://www.pitt.edu/~super1/lecture/lec32351/046.htm Slide from Supercourse Library - http://www.pitt.edu/~super1/lecture/lec32351/046.htm

    Please Disseminate the Lecture to Your Fellow Colleagues and Friends! Please Make Comments and/or Contribute in Providing New Slides or Concepts through Sending Email to: aardalan@gmail.com, Ronlaporte@aol.com Pakistan

    Slide 40:http://www.pitt.edu/~super1 http://www.pitt.edu/~super1

More Related