Group 4: WEFCOM & KKFCOM Location: Roberto

1. 1. Dr. Sompad Srikosamatara 2. Dr. Chution Savini 3. Ms. Kumiko Nakazono 4. Dr. Robert Steinmetz 5. Mr. Udom Likhitwonnawut 6. Mr. Vichien Kerdsuk 7. Mr.Yongyut Trisurat 8. Ms. Somying Soontornwong 9. Mr. Tanachai Erawan 10. Ms. Kantinan Peawsa 11. Dr. Rungnapar Pattanavibool Facilitators: 1. Dr. William Schaedla 2. Mr. Cayetano Casado 3. Mr. Ratthapon Pitakthepsombat Group 4: WEFCOM & KKFCOMLocation: Roberto

2. Western Forest Complex-BCI-Kaeng Krachan Complex

3. Session 1A: Biodiversity values: Habitats • Largest intact mixed deciduous dipterocarp forest (2) • Cross-roads for 4 biogeographic zones (1) • Malayan/Sundaic • Himalayan • Indo-Burmese • Indo-Chinese • Karst Habitat (caves, local springs) (3) • Peat swamp

4. S 1A- Biod Values: Species • For WEFCOM – BCI and KKFC • Tiger (1) • Elephant • Wild Water Buffalo • Bantaeng Gaur • Tapir • Rufousneck Hornbill • Many new plant species discovered • Soft Shell turtles • For WEFCOM • More than 490 bird species • Cave Endemism (Fish, bats, arthropods) • Sympatric species (Intact Mammal assemblage) (2) • For KKFC • More than 600 bird species • Siamese Crocodile (3) • Sympatric species (Intact Mammal assemblage) (2)

5. S 1A- Biod values – Ecosystem services • Intact watersheds (a fifth of thai watersheds) (WEFCOM and KKFC) (1) • Irrigation • Bats (WEFCOM-BCI-KKFC) • Pest control • Pollination • Economic/Recreational/Tourism (3) • Local (WEFCOM-BCI-KKFC) • International (WEFCOME-KKFC) • Cultural/Religion (BCI) • Livelihood/Agroforestry/NTFP (BCI) • Cultural diversity/Preservation of endangered cultures (WEFCOM-BCI-KKFC) • Carbon Sequestration (WEFCOM-BCI-KKFC) (2) • Pollination (WEFCOM-BCI-KKFC) • Seed dispersal (WEFCOM-BCI-KKFC) • Genetic bank (WEFCOM-BCI-KKFC)

6. Session 1B- Non-climate changes • Economic corridor • Increased roads and other infrastructure • Affects specially WEFCOM • Uncertain support post-ADB • Lack of conservation awareness influences policy • Especially local level • Road Infrastructure • North south (WEFCOM-BCI-KKFC) • East West (BCI – WEFCOM) • Still in planning stage • If come true many impacts associated to them (land conversion etc)

7. Session 1B- Non-climate changes • Hydropower plans (existing and panned) • Gas pipes (existing and planned) • Land conversion associated to agriculture • Biofuel (oil palm, sugar, corn) • Cash Crops (corn, sugar cane, pineapple) • Commercial plantations (rubber, teak) • Subsistence not so problematic • Affects all 3 areas but specially BCI • Land conversion associated to mining • Illegal and Legal

8. Session 1B- Non-climate changes • Land conversion associated to recreational development and tourism sprawl • Resorts (BCI) • Golf courses (BCI) • River related (rafts) (WEFCOM – KKFC) • 4-wheeling (WEFCOM – KKFC) • Migration • Burmese migrants pass through the area • Domestic migrants move to the area • Forced Settlement • Refugee camps

9. Session 1B- Non-climate changes • Carrying Capacity • Uncontrolled increase in the number of visitors • Management capacity • Management policies • Waster management • Lack of parity between park management and poachers • Poachers have more resources • Limited resources at park disposal • Lack of integrated planning and practice (3 areas) • Water over-extraction and pollution • Agriculture

10. Session 1B- Non-climate changes • Transboundary Issues • Commercial Poaching • Trafficking (timber and wildlife) • Domestic cattle moves across borders • Elephant smuggling • Elephant trapping • Fires • Chemical Effects • Insects • Plants • Vertebrates • Human wildlife conflict • Elephant • Tigers

11. Session 2 – Bio indicators of climate change • Forest complexity • Relative composition (due to changes in tree cycles) • Timing of masting/seed • Dipterocarp/Teak • These events are essential but not easy to follow as they are 1-off events • Farmer change practices and dates (*) • Local people unable to synch their agricultural practices (i.e. field preparation • Already happened to Karen • Human-wildlife conflict frequency • Human migration • Increase in number of pest and disease outbreaks • Desertification

12. Session 2 – Bio indicators of climate change • Water limitation • Large animals that require watering holes unable to live there (*) • Elephants • Other species that need water • Insects (Cicaida) – careful as their presence may vary due to other factors • Fruit eating birds – change foraging sites • Bees • Placements of the hives (in western Thailand, some trees host most of the hives) (*) • As orchids and briophites (very sensitive to water) change position bees will too. • Extent of fire penetration and recurrence • Pandan distribution

13. Session 1A: Biodiversity values: Habitats • Largest intact mixed deciduous dipterocarp forest (2) • Cross-roads for 4 biogeographic zones (1) • Malayan/Sundaic • Himalayan • Indo-Burmese • Indo-Chinese • Karst Habitat (caves, local springs) (3) • Peat swamp

14. S 1A- Biod Values: Species • For WEFCOM – BCI and KKFC • Tiger (1) • Elephant • Wild Water Buffalo • Bantaeng Gaur • Tapir • Rufousneck Hornbill • Many new plant species discovered • Soft Shell turtles • For WEFCOM • More than 490 bird species • Cave Endemism (Fish, bats, arthropods) • Sympatric species (Intact Mammal assemblage) (2) • For KKFC • More than 600 bird species • Siamese Crocodile (3) • Sympatric species (Intact Mammal assemblage) (2)

15. S 1A- Biod values – Ecosystem services • Intact watersheds (a fifth of thai watersheds) (WEFCOM and KKFC) (1) • Irrigation • Bats (WEFCOM-BCI-KKFC) • Pest control • Pollination • Economic/Recreational/Tourism (3) • Local (WEFCOM-BCI-KKFC) • International (WEFCOME-KKFC) • Cultural/Religion (BCI) • Livelihood/Agroforestry/NTFP (BCI) • Cultural diversity/Preservation of endangered cultures (WEFCOM-BCI-KKFC) • Carbon Sequestration (WEFCOM-BCI-KKFC) (2) • Pollination (WEFCOM-BCI-KKFC) • Seed dispersal (WEFCOM-BCI-KKFC) • Genetic bank (WEFCOM-BCI-KKFC)

16. Session 1B- Non-climate changes • Economic corridor • Increased roads and other infrastructure • Affects specially WEFCOM • Uncertain support post-ADB • Lack of conservation awareness influences policy • Especially local level • Road Infrastructure • North south (WEFCOM-BCI-KKFC) • East West (BCI – WEFCOM) • Still in planning stage • If come true many impacts associated to them (land conversion etc)

17. Session 1B- Non-climate changes • Hydropower plans (existing and panned) • Gas pipes (existing and planned) • Land conversion associated to agriculture • Biofuel (oil palm, sugar, corn) • Cash Crops (corn, sugar cane, pineapple) • Commercial plantations (rubber, teak) • Subsistence not so problematic • Affects all 3 areas but specially BCI • Land conversion associated to mining • Illegal and Legal

18. Session 1B- Non-climate changes • Land conversion associated to recreational development and tourism sprawl • Resorts (BCI) • Golf courses (BCI) • River related (rafts) (WEFCOM – KKFC) • 4-wheeling (WEFCOM – KKFC) • Migration • Burmese migrants pass through the area • Domestic migrants move to the area • Forced Settlement • Refugee camps

19. Session 1B- Non-climate changes • Carrying Capacity • Uncontrolled increase in the number of visitors • Management capacity • Management policies • Waster management • Lack of parity between park management and poachers • Poachers have more resources • Limited resources at park disposal • Lack of integrated planning and practice (3 areas) • Water over-extraction and pollution • Agriculture

20. Session 1B- Non-climate changes • Transboundary Issues • Commercial Poaching • Trafficking (timber and wildlife) • Domestic cattle moves across borders • Elephant smuggling • Elephant trapping • Fires • Chemical Effects • Insects • Plants • Vertebrates • Human wildlife conflict • Elephant • Tigers

21. Session 2 – Bio indicators of climate change • Forest complexity • Relative composition (due to changes in tree cycles) • Timing of masting/seed • Dipterocarp/Teak • These events are essential but not easy to follow as they are 1-off events • Farmer change practices and dates (*) • Local people unable to synch their agricultural practices (i.e. field preparation • Already happened to Karen • Human-wildlife conflict frequency • Human migration • Increase in number of pest and disease outbreaks • Desertification

22. Session 2 – Bio indicators of climate change • Water limitation • Large animals that require watering holes unable to live there (*) • Elephants • Other species that need water • Insects (Cicaida) – careful as their presence may vary due to other factors • Fruit eating birds – change foraging sites • Bees • Placements of the hives (in western Thailand, some trees host most of the hives) (*) • As orchids and briophites (very sensitive to water) change position bees will too. • Extent of fire penetration and recurrence • Pandan distribution

23. Adaptation Options • Compile existing local information • Identify adaptation best practices • Local people collect info • Simple method • Collection incorporated into routine activities • Feed information into national database for analysis • After analysis feedback to the local people • Find mechanisms for exchanging information • Practical (Further than talking) • Develop/Implement models for climate change • Identify communities and areas likely to be more affected • Identify key animal and plant species for climate change monitoring

24. Adaptation Options • Identify existing development plans • Link data into national planning • Identify successful models under implementation • Assemble strong national committee • Identify champions • Needs to link down to the ground • Subcommittees / working groups • Planning needs to link regional, national and local dimensions • Multi-stakeholder representation needed • Local people (including ethnic minorities) • Local administration bodies • Conservation authorities • Military

25. Needed Knowledge holders (not present here) CSTAR BRT (Biodiversity Reaearch Training) IKAP (Indigenous Knowledge…) IMPECT (Intermountain people education culture thai) ONEP (Office of Natural resources and environmental planning) CJF (Climate justice forum, Thailand) Sueb Foudnation Terra Community Forest Assembly KMUTT OXFAM CODI (Community organization development institute) TEI (Thailand environment institute Western Forest conservation group Mahidol Univ – Kanchanaburi Local Schools Kanchanaburi conservation group