1 / 39

Module 6 Decontamination

Module 6 Decontamination Decontamination Reduction or removal of agents by physical means or by chemical neutralization Physical means: flushing, scraping, and powders Neutralization: soap, bleach, and special solutions Purposes of Decontamination

JasminFlorian
Télécharger la présentation

Module 6 Decontamination

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Module 6Decontamination

  2. Decontamination • Reduction or removal of agents by physical means or by chemical neutralization • Physical means: flushing, scraping, and powders • Neutralization: soap, bleach, and special solutions

  3. Purposes of Decontamination • Prevent further damage from chemical exposure • Prevent secondary or cross contamination

  4. Module Organization • Overview of decontamination concepts • Current practices • 3 case studies • Special considerations

  5. Basic Concepts • Must be done immediately • Must be done effectively • Clothes must be removed to eliminate possible contamination

  6. Three Decontamination Types • Personal • self • buddy • Casualty • non-ambulatory • Personnel • non-exposed • ambulatory

  7. Liquid versus Vapor • Decontamination is needed for both liquid and vapor exposure • Vapor is absorbed by clothing and hair • Rigorous decontamination is needed for liquid exposure • Less rigorous decontamination is needed for vapor exposure

  8. Decontamination Solution • Soap and water is the preferred solution • as effective as diluted bleach solution • less caustic • takes less time than diluted bleach solution • Do NOT delay decontamination if only water is readily available

  9. Secondary Contamination • Case Study: Tokyo Sarin • Case Study: New York HAZMAT • Case Study: Louisiana Mustard Exposure • Lessons learned • need appropriate PPE and training • need to isolate persons exposed • need to follow standardized protocols and procedures

  10. Tokyo Subway Sarin Incident • 3 subway lines attacked in morning rush hour • Estimated 5,500 persons exposed • No on-scene decontamination • Decontamination initiated at medical facilities 3 hours after exposure • Secondary contamination at hospitals was a major problem

  11. Tokyo Subway Sarin Incident • Decontamination initiated at medical facilities 3 hours after exposure • Hospitals lacked space and equipment to handle large number of victims • Secondary contamination at hospitals was a major problem

  12. NY State HAZMAT Event • Dimethoate (systemic insecticide) overheated and released fumes • Quickly resulted in respiratory problems • Eleven workers self-reported to hospital ED • ED staff become ill; HAZMAT called • Evacuated ED and decontaminated victims and ED staff (1 hour)

  13. NY State HAZMAT Event • ED washed down by hospital staff and reopened 2 hours later • No testing conducted or reentry criteria used

  14. NY State HAZMAT Event • No screening • No training of ED staff in signs and symptoms • Lack of communication and info on chemicals • No containment area for victims • Separate facilities unavailable • No testing conducted or reentry criteria used

  15. Mustard Exposure in Vinyl Chloride Plant • Inadvertently produce nitrogen and sulfur mustard in Louisiana chemical facility • Over 150 workers exposed during hydro-blasting operation, 3 seriously • Latent symptoms

  16. Mustard Exposure in Vinyl Chloride Plant • 150 people report symptoms 2 days later • OSHA involved after 3rd hospitalization • Over a week to determine mustard involved • Considerable secondary contamination from worker’s clothing to spouses

  17. Mustard Exposure in Vinyl Chloride Plant Findings: • Personnel decontamination not performed • No control of contaminated personnel or clothing • Secondary contamination at unknown levels • Local physicians do not know how to treat victims • Agents were not initially identified • Commercial laboratory analysis inadequate • PPE not used or used improperly

  18. Mustard Exposure in Vinyl Chloride Plant • Follow-up 6 years later

  19. Current Practices • Self- and buddy-decontamination • Decontamination station • Ambulatory decontamination • Non-ambulatory decontamination • Mass decontamination • Animal decontamination

  20. Self- and Buddy-Decontamination • Insufficient time to set up decontamination station • Need to instruct public to do it themselves • Self: Do it on your own • Buddy: Help others to do it • Followed by technical decontamination

  21. Self- and Buddy-Decontamination • Anticipate that not all people will follow instructions

  22. Field and Hospital Decontamination • Siting the facility • upwind, uphill, and upstream • allow for security to control scene • Establish reception area for initial screening • Establish triage area for rapid medical evaluation and classification • Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment (START)

  23. Decontamination Station2 lines

  24. Decontamination Station 3 lines

  25. Important Considerations • Deployment • portable for field use • permanent facilities at HCFs • At least two lines, ideally 3 • ambulatory (mixed or male only) • non-ambulatory • female ambulatory • Warm water supply • Privacy • Run-off control

  26. Decontamination Priorities • People who are known or suspected of being contaminated and who require prompt medical attention due to agent exposure or other severe injury • People who are exhibiting signs/symptoms of agent exposure • People who are known to be contaminated but are not exhibiting signs/symptoms and don't urgently require medical attention • People who are suspected of being contaminated but show no signs of agent toxicity • Animals that provide critical support to humans (e.g., seeing eye dogs) that are known or suspected to be contaminated

  27. Ambulatory Decontamination • Receive, triage and tag • Treat wounds (optional) • Remove and bag all effects • Thoroughly shower with soap and water

  28. Ambulatory Decontamination • Rinse and dry • Don clean clothes and tag • Remove to clean zone

  29. Non-Ambulatory Decontamination • Receive, triage and tag • Send through line on backboard • Clothing cut away and bagged

  30. Non-ambulatory cont. • Flushed with soap solution, scrubbed, rinsed with clean water and dried • Tagged and covered • Transferred to clean zone for treatment

  31. Mass Decontamination • Used to process large number of people • Water only is recommended • Several options: Ladder and Truck Over-head Shower

  32. Mass Decontamination • Run-off water and EPA

  33. Animal Decontamination • PETS Act (2006) • Pets, livestock, and service animals can be contaminated in a variety of disasters • Need plan to set up decontamination facility for animals • Scrub with liquid soap and water and dry

  34. Animal Decontamination • Need plan to set up decontamination facility for animals • Scrub with liquid soap and water and dry

  35. Animal Decontamination • Animals evaluated for treatment • Handling issues of owner/animal separation

  36. Special Considerations • Infants, children and elderly • People with disabilities

  37. Special Considerations • Cold weather • Psychological effects

  38. Special Considerations • Considerations for biological contamination

  39. Special Considerations • Considerations for radiological contamination

More Related