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By: Megan Holloway

Oceanic Systems. By: Megan Holloway. 12 Climate Regions. Tropical Wet Tropical Wet and Dry Semiarid Desert (arid) Mediterranean Humid Subtropical Marine West Coast Humid continental Subarctic Tundra Icecap Highland. Continental Climatic Region.

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By: Megan Holloway

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  1. Oceanic Systems By: Megan Holloway

  2. 12 Climate Regions • Tropical Wet • Tropical Wet and Dry • Semiarid • Desert (arid) • Mediterranean • Humid Subtropical • Marine West Coast • Humid continental • Subarctic • Tundra • Icecap • Highland

  3. Continental Climatic Region • Climate characteristic of the interior of a landmass of continental size, marked by large annual, daily, and day-to-day temperature ranges, low relative humidity, and a moderate or small irregular rainfall • Hot Summer and Cold Winters occur because the ocean does not influence. • These regions makes up much of the Northern States of US, Siberia, and Canada http://www.answers.com/topic/continental-climate http://www.ace.mmu.ac.uk/eae/Climate/Older/Continental_Climate.html

  4. Maritime Climatic Region • Also known as Oceanic Climate • Climate is influenced by the oceans climate and the airflow of the maritime airflow • Usually the Winters are warmer and Summers are cooler because the ocean takes longer to heat up • Climate is found around the coasts and Southeastern Australia http://www.ace.mmu.ac.uk/eae/Climate/Older/Maritime_Climate.htmla

  5. Oceanic Circulation • Global Warming is causing the ocean’s temperature to rise. • Ever since 1976 the cycles have been longer and more extreme • Imbalance between the cycles. In 1998, there were 5 El Niños and 2 La Niñas. This was due to the increase in greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Tim, Flannery. The Weather Makers. New York: Atlantic Monthly P, 2005. 84-94.

  6. El Niño cycle begins with a weakening of tropical winds, allowing the warm surface water to flow back eastward. The warmer water releases humidity into the atmosphere bringing floods to the Peruvian deserts. La Niña cycle begins when winds blow westward across the Pacific, accumulating the warm surface water off the coast of Australia and the island lying north. With the warm water blowing westward, colder water is surfaced carrying nutrients that feed the most prolific fishery in the world, the anchovetta. El Niño- La Niña Cycle Tim, Flannery. The Weather Makers. New York: Atlantic Monthly P, 2005. 84-94.

  7. Diagrams of Cycles Thermocline: Layer in water where temperature changes at a rapid rate. El Niño Theme Page: images El Niño @ nationalgeographic.com El Niño @ nationalgeographic.com

  8. Affects of El Niño Flooded area in Lakeport, California as a result of the 1998 El Nino event • If the temperature rises- more severe storms are going to occur. • If no warm water is displaced with cold water then the storm will continue. • Eventually El Nino could become a semi-permanent condition in the atmosphere. • Temperatures in the winter are warmer than normal in the North Central States, and cooler than normal in the Southeast and the Southwest States Bush fire in Australia as a result of the 1998 El Niño event. "El Niño and La Niña:." National Academies. 2004. 24 Mar. 2007 <http://www7.nationalacademies.org/opus/elnino.html>. "El Niño and La Niña:." National Academies. 2004. 24 Mar. 2007 <http://www7.nationalacademies.org/opus/elnino_6.html>. Tim, Flannery. The Weather Makers. New York: Atlantic Monthly P, 2005. 84-94. "What is La Nina?" El Nino Theme Project. 24 Feb.-Mar. 2007. NOAA. 24 Mar. 2007 <http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/tao/elnino/la-nina-story.html#impact>.

  9. Less Nutrients are being carried if less La Nina’s occur do to warmer temperatures. Winter temperatures are warmer than normal in the Southeast and cooler than normal in the Northwest. Affects of La Niña http://sealevel.jpl.nasa.gov/elnino/20070212.html "What is La Nina?" El Nino Theme Project. 24 Feb.-Mar. 2007. NOAA. 24 Mar. 2007 <http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/tao/elnino/la-nina-story.html#impact>.

  10. Is Global Warming causing more severe weather?? • Global Warming is causing warmer temperatures around the world. • These warmer temperatures are causing more instability in storms. • The Midwest is the prime target for these storms because it is between the equator and the poles. So most of the warm and cold air is colliding in the Midwest region. • Warmer temperatures means less rain in some areas and more rain in other areas, or more tornados because of the instability of the air masses.

  11. How Storms Are Formed • Warmer air from the equator moves to the poles. • Through the movement of the warm air a jet stream is formed. • Waves in the jet stream occur when the air from the equator mixes with the cold air from the poles. • The cold and warm air masses then collide. • Cold air sinks under the warm air forming a low pressure system. • This produces storm clouds as the warm air is lifted and cooled.

  12. Tornado vs. Storm Cloud • Tornado are then formed when the warm air rises up because it is lighter then cold dry air. As the warm air rises, it starts to spin in all different wind directions. When the wind starts to get strong, a funnel cloud is produced . • The funnel cloud stays strong until precipitation starts to weaken the cloud by slowing down the wind speeds and equalizing the pressure between the cold and warm air. • If there is more warm air, storms not just tornados will become more frequent and unpredictable causing a lot of damage. Gallatin TN, Tornado Damage "How Does a Tornados Form?" Tornadochasher.Net. 2007. 23 Mar. 2007 <http://www.tornadochaser.net/tornado.html>.

  13. Severe Storms Effects According to Nasa, tornados are not going to be the biggest threat in the future. Instead droughts and floods will be devastating. Due to the change in temperatures some areas will have high precipitation whereas other areas will have no precipitation at all. http://www.ipcc.ch/present/graphics/2001syr/large/08.17.jpg Henson, James. "How Has Economic Damage From Storms Been Changing in the Last 7 Years in the Midwestern and Northeastern United States.“ GISS ICP. 07 Dec. 2004. NASA. 23 Mar. 2007 <http://icp.giss.nasa.gov/research/ppa/2002/brown/>.

  14. Mainly affecting the species in the top 10 % or surface level of ocean water. Small single cell organisms and mollusks use calcium carbonate to make their shells. Organisms will be displaced because of higher concentration of CO2 in the oceans. Coral is starting to die and therefore leaving many creatures defenseless Has the ability to change the entire ocean ecosystem Ocean Life and Carbon http://www.planetark.com/dailynewsstory.cfm/newsid/26065/newsDate/16-Jul-2004/story.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2006/12/061207084052.htm

  15. Phytoplankton • High plant productivity is green • Low plant productivity is blue • Plants that grow on the surface of the ocean • Are responsible for the same amount of photosynthesis as all the plants on land combined • The plants will move deeper in the water until the water becomes to warm for the phytoplankton to survive http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2006/12/061207084052.htm

  16. Current of the Ocean If global warming continues and ice shelves continue to melt in Greenland, the conveyor belt will stop and force an ice age. "The Ocean and Temperature." MaineBio. 5 Mar. 2007. 23 Mar. 2007 <http://marinebio.org/Oceans/Temperature.asp>.

  17. CCD- is the depth level in the ocean where shells dissolve releasing CO2 into the ocean water. This process takes thousands of years to happen. Because CO2 is increasing in the ocean the CCD is moving deeper into the ocean. This depth is causing the ocean to contain and hold more CO2 The shells are from dead plankton. Once the plankton dies, its shell falls into the depths of the ocean. When it reaches the lysolcine, it begins to dissolve. The lysolcine is different in each ocean depending on the solubility and temperature. Carbonate Compensation Depth "Carbonate Compenstion Depth." Answers.Com. 2007. 23 Mar. 2007 <http://www.answers.com/topic/carbonate-compensation-depth>.

  18. Melting Ice • As the oceans are warming more and more ice is starting to melt away • Visionlearning Viewer • Visionlearning Viewer • So basically the kinetic energy is transferred from the liquid molecules to the solid molecules. The solid molecules vibration energy starts to increase resulting in the melting of the ice. • Energy is measured in temperature http://www.visionlearning.com/library/module_viewer2.php?mid=57&l=&let1=Che

  19. Sea Level Rising • Sea levels have already been rising. The sea level has already risen 4 to 8 inches. • If half of Antarctica and half of Greenland melts into the ocean or all of Greenland melt into the ocean the level will rise 18 to 20 feet. • Basically the maps of the world will have to be redrawn if the ice continues to melt away • http://www.ipcc.ch/present/graphics/2001syr/large/01.17.jpg http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/04/0420_040420_earthday.html

  20. In Conclusion: • Global Warming is slowly increasing the temperature of the oceans. • If the oceans get warmer the ocean currents and oceans circulation will greatly be affected. • These affects will be seen throughout the ocean including dying marine life and hurricanes but also on land through severe weather and rising sea levels

  21. LINK BACK TO WEB PAGE http://accweb.itr.maryville.edu/globalwarming/student05

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