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CLS1113 Introduction to Clinical Laboratory Practices

CLS1113 Introduction to Clinical Laboratory Practices. Reagent Test Strip : Blood, Protein, Leukocytes and Nitrites. Hematuria (Red Blood Cells). Intact RBCs present in the urine: severe exercise football, running, soccer, aerobics UTIs glomerulonephritis pyelonephritis

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CLS1113 Introduction to Clinical Laboratory Practices

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  1. CLS1113 Introduction to Clinical Laboratory Practices Reagent Test Strip: Blood, Protein, Leukocytes and Nitrites

  2. Hematuria (Red Blood Cells) • Intact RBCs present in the urine: • severe exercise • football, running, soccer, aerobics • UTIs • glomerulonephritis • pyelonephritis • kidney stones • tumors • menstruation

  3. Hemoglobinuria • Hemoglobin present: • hemolytic anemia • transfusion reaction • burns • malaria • Correlate with microscopic findings and clarity

  4. Myoglobinuria • Myoglobin: • heme-containing protein involved in the transport of oxygen in muscles. • muscle trauma • seizures • muscle diseases • electric shock • alcoholism (toxic effects of alcohol) • Exercise:  levels of Myoglobin

  5. Blood on the RTS • A positive test for blood can either be RBC’s, hemoglobin or myoglobin. Table 7-7. • False Negatives: protein, high S. G., increased nitrite

  6. Proteinuria • Usually one of three causes(Table 7-8) • excess production of proteins • damaged glomerulus • damaged renal tubules • There is a normal amount of urine protein. • Albumin, Globulins • Increased Proteins is often the FIRST indicator of renal disesase.

  7. Protein on the RTS “Protein Error of Indicators” Tetrabromphenol blue (Indicator dye) + Protein Chromogen releasesH+ ions (produces a color change) Most sensitive to albumin

  8. Protein on the RTS

  9. False positives: • high pH • cells • medications • Confirm with SSA • SSA will pick up other types of proteins also. • Microalbumin Test • used for diabetes monitoring

  10. Leukocyte Esterase (enzyme) • Enzyme produced by Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes (WBC) • WBCs usually indicate a UTI • Correlate with microscopic exam and nitrite

  11. Leukocyte Esterase (RTS) An Ester in the presence of an esterase will produce a color change. • False negatives: • increased glucose • protein • S.G.

  12. Nitrite • Many urinary tract pathogens convert nitrate to nitrite • Indicates presence of bacteria • The bacteria must remain in the bladder long enough for this to occur • Correlate with microscopic exam (3-4+) • Will not pick up all types of bacteria

  13. Nitrite Test Strip Nitrite + para-arsanilic acid produces a pink color change “Greiss Reaction”

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