1. Social Aspects

2. Leisure Time This is simply the time when you can choose what to do. • Active leisure –taking part in activities that involve exertion of physical or mental energy. • Low impact – yoga or walking • High impact – aerobics or kickboxing • Passive leisure – activities in which a person does not exert any significant physical or mental energy. • E.g. Cinema, Watching TV, playing video games/computer games. • Concerns over the benefits this provides compared to active leisure.

3. History of Leisure • The word ‘leisure’ comes from the Latin word ‘Licere’ meaning ‘to be free’. • Years ago, many workers worked 18 hour shifts and had very little spare time. • However today, leisure time has increased for most people, therefore there is now competition in the leisure industry to come up with popular provision.

4. Reasons why the opportunities for leisure time have increased. • Higher levels of unemployment • A shorter working week – less that 18 hour shifts a day!!! • Part time and shift work • Technological advances – e.g. washing machines – saves labour time. The internet also allows people to work from home so travelling time is saved.

5. Providers and Users • More leisure time means more providers are needed to cater for the different people who want to make use of it. • The leisure industry has grown in direct response to this. • ‘User groups’ have been identified and provision has been targeted specifically at them – e.g. mothers and toddlers, unemployed people, shift workers • Concessions and allowances are then made for these ‘user groups’.

6. QUOTE ETIQUETTE • A convention or unwritten rule in an activity, which is not enforceable but is usually followed • This is a conventional rule or form of behaviour as opposed to an enforceable or decreed rule, law or regulation. This is known also as fair play, good manners or sportsmanship.

7. Etiquette • In all activities there is an acceptable etiquette but it is not written down as a rule or law – it is up to the players to abide by it. If they don’t they tend to be very unpopular – players organisations will often take action against players who do not conform.

8. MONITORING BAD ETIQUETTE • Because of etiquette there is the need for organisations to uphold the laws of the game, and punish players or competitors who are in breach of etiquette.

9. Examples of etiquette • Tennis – at the end of the match players shake hands with each other and the umpire whilst thanking them.

10. Soccer – if an opponent is injured a player will kick the ball out of play to allow treatment. On the restart the player will throw the ball back to the opponents who kicked the ball out.

11. Squash – Players will call their own foul shots such as a ‘double hit’ or ‘ball not up’. • Rugby – a tradition of the game is to form a tunnel with your team and applaud the other team off the pitch. This happens whether you have won or lost.

12. The conduct of players, officials and spectators has an effect on the image of individual sports and the expectations of behaviour by those involved in them. Compare some examples of conduct in sports:

13. Football - Diving by players to get a free kick or penalty is increasing and almost everyone is complaining about it. But accepting the rewards when cheating benefits their team.

14. Golf - Players are expected to own up to anything that they do wrong and even disqualify themselves • Rugby union - The laws of the game penalise players for arguing with the referee although some acts of violence are dealt with as part of the game. Etiquette requires that the players always clap each other off the field and problems are left on the pitch.

15. Football - Players often surround the referee to argue with decisions. Acts of violence are often made worse by other players becoming involved and fans continuing to inflame the situation by booing players. Some disagreements on the pitch are continued and fights can break out in the tunnel after the game.

16. ROLE MODELS • Many sports performers are looked upon as ‘role models’ so they can establish behaviour, trends and attitudes that others are likely to follow. This means that there is often a lot of pressure on performers to play or compete in ‘the right way’. And it is considered that poor sporting attitude comes very close to cheating!!!