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Today

Today. Australia & New Zealand Physical Geography Population and density issues Historical, economic, and cultural Immigration and Maori & Aboriginal rights. Last Time SE Asia-questions?. European colonization Contemporary population issues in SE Asia Country details in SE Asia.

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Today

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  1. Today • Australia & New Zealand • Physical Geography • Population and density issues • Historical, economic, and cultural • Immigration and Maori & Aboriginal rights

  2. Last Time SE Asia-questions? • European colonization • Contemporary population issues in SE Asia • Country details in SE Asia

  3. Australia & New Zealand • Size and location • Physical Geography • Australia • Landforms • Climate • Vegetation and physical features • New Zealand

  4. Population in Australia & New Zealand • Australia • Low population • Large area => low density • New Zealand • Small pop but small area

  5. History & Settlement of Australia • Aboriginal inhabitants • European entry & impact • Core area of settlement • Either side of Great Dividing Range • Major cities: Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide • Vast majority of pop is urban ~ 85%

  6. Australia: Export-based primary sector economy mostly • Minerals and ores — iron, copper, coal, nickel, etc a major supplier • Agricultural animals beef, lambs, sheep, wool (20-30% or total for world) • Wheat: 4th largest producer • “Import substitution” local economy • Spatially economy is like a donut • Problem: to keep up with high growth mostly industrial economies in Far East • Less trade to colonizer - UK

  7. New Zealand • Native settlement • People of Polynesian origins called Maori settled in ~ 1000 AD • Bulk of Maori settlement on N island • European exploration and settlement • Tasman in late 1600s • British influence dates from Cook in 1769/70 • European and Maori encounters • Initial impact was a prolonged and bloody war • A second impact was the effect of disease

  8. New Zealand II • Transformations by European settlers • Extinctions: e.g., moas • Introduction of cattle, pigs, and sheep • Huge deforestation • Population and settlement • Most settlement is on N island • ~ 4m pop (sheep ~ 25m and cattle ~ 8m • ~ 85% urban • Peripheral settlement pattern like Australia

  9. New Zealand • Economy • Traditional ties to Great Britain • As the UK joined the EC and preferential trade was stopped • Does not have a rich mineral resource base – animal agriculture base • Modern economic ties are to various Pacific rim countries

  10. Immigration, Maori, & Aboriginal rights • Australian aboriginal rights • Court cases have given economic rights • Backlash by right wing political parties • Aborigines are by far the worst off of groups • Maori (New Zealand) issues • Increasingly demanding traditional rights to fishing etc. • ~ 10% of pop is Maori • By 2010 they may be 25% of pop

  11. N. Territory Aboriginal lands Aboriginal Land claims

  12. Immigration, Maori, & Aboriginal rights II • Asian immigration in Australia • Until 1970s Australia maintained a “Whites only” immigration policy • Changed in the 1970s and a large number of Asians have immigrated to Australia • Now only ~ 1/3 of Australians are of UK background

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