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What about la Francophonie?

What about la Francophonie?. Dr. Will Thompson The University of Memphis TFLTA 2008. What is the present socio-economic reality of those countries and regions that comprise “La Francophonie”, especially in terms of their place in a global economy?

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What about la Francophonie?

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  1. What aboutla Francophonie? Dr. Will Thompson The University of Memphis TFLTA 2008

  2. What is the present socio-economic reality of those countries and regions that comprise “La Francophonie”, especially in terms of their place in a global economy? How can we use this information as the basis for classroom discussion and/or student projects on la Francophonie?

  3. What is “La Francophonie”? • Term first used in 1871 • Vague and unofficial concept • Historical, geographical, political, and cultural implications • Its definition can fluctuate depending on the context in which it is used • “La Francophonie est une communauté de peuples très divers vivant sur les cinq continents et unis par la langue française.”

  4. What is La Francophonie? • Those countries where French is the official language [or one of them] • Those countries where French is the native language of a significant percentage of the population • Those countries in which French is a major language of communication • Those countries in which the French language has important cultural and historoical significance

  5. Why “La Francophonie”? • EDUCATE students about the diversity of the French-speaking world • ADVOCATE for the importance of French as a global language • EXTRAPOLATE from this information to expose students to a myriad of social and economic issues affecting the world today

  6. ALGERIE BELGIQUE BENIN BURKINA FASO BURUNDI CAMBODGE CAMEROUN CANADA [QUEBEC] COMORES CONGO CONGO [Rép. Dém.] COTE D’IVOIRE DJIBOUTI FRANCE GABON GUINEE GUINEE EQUATORIALE HAITI LIBAN LUXEMBOURG MADAGASCAR MALI MAROC MAURICE MAURITANIE MAYOTTE MONACO NIGER REPUBLIQUE CENTRAFICAINE RWANDA SENEGAL SEYCHELLES SUISSE TCHAD TOGO TUNISIE VANUATU VIETNAM La Francophonie

  7. + les “DOM-ROM” (or DROM)[Départments et Régions d’Outre-Mer] • GUADELOUPE • GUYANE FRANÇAISE • MARTINIQUE • MAYOTTE • NOUVELLE CALEDONIE • POLYNESIE FRANCAISE • REUNION • SAINT-BARTHÉLÉMY • SAINT-MARTIN • SAINT-PIERRE ET MIQUELON • WALLIS ET FUTUNA

  8. ORGANISATION INTERNATIONALEDE LA FRANCOPHONIE 55 États et gouvernements membres et 13 observateurs. ALBANIE ANDORRE ARMENIE [observateur] AUTRICHE [observateur] BELGIQUE BENIN BULGARIE BURKINA FASO BURUNDI CAMBODGE CAMEROUN CANADA CANADA, N. BRUNSWICK CANADA, QUEBEC CAP-VERT CENTRAFRIQUE CHYPRE [membre associé] COMM FRAN DE BELGIQUE COMORES CONGO CONGO RD COTE D’IVOIRE CROATIE [observateur] DJIBOUTI DOMINIQUE EGYPTE EX-REP YOUG. DE MACEDOINE FRANCE GABON GEORGIE [observateur] GHANA [membre associé] GRECE GUINEE GUINEE BISSAU GUINEE EQUATORIALE HAITI HONGRIE [observateur] LAOS LIBAN LITUANIE [observateur] LUXEMBOURG MADAGASCAR MALI MAROC MAURICE MAURITANIE MOLDAVIE MONACO MOZAMBIQUE [observateur] NIGER POLOGNE [observateur] REP TCHEQUE [observateur] ROUMANIE RWANDA SAINTE-LUCIE SAO TOME ET PRINCIPE SENEGAL SERBIE [observateur] SEYCHELLES SLOVAQUIE [observateur] SLOVENIE [observateur] SUISSE TCHAD TOGO TUNISIE UKRAINE [observateur] VANUATU VIETNAM

  9. WHAT ARE SOME OF THE WAYS THAT WE CAN OBTAIN SOME PERSPECTIVE ON THIS LARGE NUMBER OF COUNTRIES AND REGIONS [MOST OF WHICH WE HAVEN’T VISITED AND PROBABLY WON’T ANY TIME SOON!]?

  10. Global Rankings • Population • Gross Domestic Product • GDP per capita • UN Human Development report • Global Competitiveness • Corruption Perceptions

  11. Population [The Top 12] • FRANCE [INCL. OVERSEAS] 64,102,140 19 • CONGO [DR] 62,636,000 21 • CANADA 32,956,000 36 • MADAGASCAR 19,683,000 55 • COTE D’IVOIRE 19,262,000 57 • CAMEROUN 18,549,000 58 • BURKINA FASO 14,784,000 63 • NIGER 14,226,000 65 • SENEGAL 12,379,000 70 • MALI 12,337,000 71 • TCHAD 10,781,000 75 • BELGIQUE 10,457,000 77

  12. GDP • A region's gross domestic product, or GDP, is one of the ways for measuring the size of its economy. The GDP of a country is defined as the market value of all final goods and services produced within a country in a given period of time. It is also considered the sum of value added at every stage of production of all final goods and services produced within a country in a given period of time. [Source: www.wikipedia.org] • IN MILLIONS OF US DOLLARS, 2005 • SOURCE: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND • OUT OF 181 COUNTRIES

  13. GDP • FRANCE 2,234,631,000,000 6 • CANADA 1,269,096,000,000 8 • BELGIQUE 393,590,000,000 17 • SUISSE 377,240,000,000 20 • LUXEMBOURG 40,577,000,000 65

  14. GDP [cont’d.] • CAMEROUN 18,372,000,000 88 • COTE D’IVOIRE 17,339,000,000 91 • SENEGAL 9,242,000,000 109 • GUINEE EQUATORIALE 9,135,000,000 110 • GABON 9,124,000,000 112 • CONGO [REP. DEM.] 8,543,000,000 115 • CONGO 7,399,000,000 119 • TCHAD 6,547,000,000 122 • MAURICE 6,402,000,000 124 • MALI 6,191,000,000 128 • BURKINA FASO 6,055,000,000 130 • MADAGASCAR 5,489,000,000 132

  15. GDP [cont’d.] • BENIN 4,760,000,000 134 • HAITI 4,473,000,000 135 • NIGER 3,550,000,000 137 • GUINEE 3,317,000,000 140 • RWANDA 2,397,000,000 149 • TOGO 2,210,000,000 151 • REP CENTRAFRICAINE 1,488,000,000 155 • BURUNDI 908,000,000 163 • DJIBOUTI 768,000,000 165 • SEYCHELLES 749,000,000 166 • COMORES 402,000,000 172 • VANUATU 387,000,000 173

  16. GDP per capita [2007][International Monetary Fund] • LUXEMBOURG 79,660 2 • SUISSE 39,963 6 • CANADA 35,729 12 • BELGIQUE 34,458 14 • FRANCE 33,414 18 • GUINEE EQUAT. 30,610 22 • GABON 15,177 41 • SEYCHELLES 14,412 44 • MAURICE 11,276 56

  17. GDP per capita [2] • VANUATU 3,695 106 • CONGO 3,512 109 • CAMEROUN 2,124 124 • DJIBOUTI 2,061 126 • COTE D’IVOIRE 1,673 133 • SENEGAL 1,666 134 • TCHAD 1,478 138 • BENIN 1,312 142 • HAITI 1,311 143 • COMORES 1,149 147 • GUINEE 1,140 148

  18. GDP per capita [3] • BURKINA FASO 1,124 149 • MALI 1,084 150 • MADAGASCAR 935 153 • RWANDA 867 154 • TOGO 809 155 • REP CENTRAFRICAINE 714 160 • NIGER 628 162 • BURUNDI 341 166 • CONGO [REP. DEM.] 298 167

  19. Human Development • The United Nations Human Development Report compiles the human development index that looks beyond GDP to a broader definition of well-being. The HDI provides a composite measure of three dimensions of human development: life expectancy, education, and standard living (measured by purchasing power parity, income). [Information adapted from the UNHD website]

  20. Human Development • CANADA 4 • SUISSE 7 • FRANCE 10 • BELGIQUE 17 • LUXEMBOURG 18 • SEYCHELLES 50 • MAURICE 65

  21. GABON 119 VANUATU 120 GUINEE EQUAT. 127 COMORES 134 CONGO 139 MADAGASCAR 143 CAMEROUN 144 HAITI 146 DJIBOUTI 149 TOGO 152 SENEGAL 156 GUINEE 160 RWANDA 161 BENIN 163 COTE D’IVOIRE 166 BURUNDI 167 R.D. CONGO 168 TCHAD 170 REPUBLIQUE CENTRAFRICAINE 171 MALI 173 NIGER 174 BURKINA FASO 176 Human Development

  22. Global Competitiveness The World Economic Forum’s Global Competitiveness Report rankings are drawn from a combination of hard data and the results of the Executive Opinion Survey, a comprehensive annual survey conducted by the World Economic Forum, together with its partner institutes in the countries covered by the Report. This year, over 11,000 business leaders were polled in a record 125 economies worldwide. [Information from WEC website]

  23. Global Competitiveness[2008-2009] • SUISSE 2 • CANADA 10 • FRANCE 16 • BELGIQUE 19 • LUXEMBOURG 25 • MAURICE 56 • SENEGAL 95 • BENIN 104 • CAMEROUN 111 • MADAGASCAR 121 • MALI 114 • BURKINA FASO 123 • BURUNDI 126 • TCHAD 130

  24. Corruption Perceptions TRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL CORRUPTION PERCEPTIONS INDEX The Transparency International Corruption Perceptions Index ranks countries in terms of the degree to which corruption is perceived to exist among public officials and politicians. It is a composite index, a poll of polls, drawing on corruption-related data from expert and business surveys carried out by a variety of independent and reputable institutions. The CPI reflects views from around the world, including those of experts who are living in the countries evaluated. [Information from Transparency International website]

  25. Corruption Perceptions TRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL CORRUPTION PERCEPTIONS INDEX 2007 COUNTRY RANKINGS [OUT OF 163] • SUISSE 7 • CANADA 9 • LUXEMBOURG 12 • FRANCE 19 • BELGIQUE 21 • MAURICE 53 • SEYCHELLES 57 • SENEGAL 71 • GABON 84 • MADAGASCAR 94

  26. Corruption Perceptions • VANUATU 98 • BURKINA FASO 105 • RWANDA 111 • MALI 118 • BENIN 118 • NIGER 123 • BURUNDI 131 • CAMEROUN 138 • TOGO 143 • CONGO 150 • COTE D’IVOIRE 150 • REP CENTRAFRICAINE 162 • GUINEE 168 • GUINEE EQUATORIALE 168 • CONGO [REP. DEM.] 168 • TCHAD 172 • HAITI 177

  27. US Trade with Francophone Countries • TOTAL TRADE WITH US [2006] • The Big Four [or Five] • CANADA [INCL. QUEBEC] 536,000,000,000 • QUEBEC 82,000,000,000 • FRANCE 61,360,000,000 • BELGIQUE 35,700,000,000 • SUISSE 28,600,000,000

  28. US-Francophone Trade 2006 • CONGO 3,230,000,000 • GUINEE EQUAT. 2,290,000,000 • TCHAD 1,980,000,000 • GABON 1,490,000,000 • HAITI 1,310,000,000 • LUXEMBOURG 1,130,000,000 • COTE D’IVOIRE 849,000,000

  29. CAMEROUN 394,000,000 MADAGASCAR 326,000,000 MAURICE 254,000,000 NIGER 252,900,000 POLYNESIE FRANÇAISE 166,000,000 GUINEE 158,500,000 CONGO [R.D.] 155,800,000 SENEGAL 118,400,000 BENIN 116,100,000 TOGO 112,200,000 NOUVELLE CALEDONIE 94,200,000 MARTINIQUE 76,000,000 GUADELOUPE 67,700,000 US-Francophone Trade 2006

  30. US-Francophone Trade 2006 MONACO 65,500,000 MALI 51,000,000 DJIBOUTI 51,000,000 GUYANE FRANÇAISE 33,800,000 REP CENTRAFRICAINE 29,400,000 RWANDA 20,600,000 SEYCHELLES 19,600,000 BURKINA FASO 19,100,000 VANUATU 11,400,000 REUNION 11,400,000 BURUNDI 8,400,000 COMORES 1,600,000 MAYOTTE 300,000 WALLIS & FUTUNA 200,000

  31. Total Trade with US [2002]Ranking of Francophone Countries OUT OF 251 Countries and Territories • CANADA [INCL. QUEBEC] 1 • FRANCE 9 • BELGIQUE 16 • SUISSE 24 • GABON 66 • HAITI 76 • LUXEMBOURG 80 • GUINEE EQUATORIALE 83 • COTE D’IVOIRE 89

  32. CAMEROUN 101 MAURICE 104 GUYANE FRANCAISE 109 CONGO 110 MADAGASCAR 115 CONGO [REP. DEM.] 116 GUINEE 130 TCHAD 131 POLYNESIE FRANCAISE 133 SENEGAL 151 DJIBOUTI 158 GUADELOUPE 160 NOUVELLE CALEDONIE 163 NIGER 166 BENIN 170 SEYCHELLES 171 MONACO 177 MARTINIQUE 180 BURKINA FASO 182 TOGO 189 MALI 190 RWANDA 192 REP. CENTRAFRICAINE 197 COMORES 206 REUNION 208 VANUATU 211 BURUNDI 214 WALLIS ET FUTUNA 227 MAYOTTE 232 Total Trade with US [2002]Ranking of Francophone Countries

  33. What does the U.S. import from France? [$ for 2007] • Civilian aircraft 4.82 billion • Medical equipment 4.68 billion • Aircraft engines 3.62 billion • Artwork/antiques 2.70 billion • Petroleum products 2.03 billion • Alcohol [other than wine] 1.58 billion • Wine 1.47 billion • Toiletries and cosmetics 1.36 billion • Automobile parts 1.00 billion

  34. US Direct Investment in Francophone Countries US DIRECT INVESTMENT ABROAD 2005 [IN MILLIONS OF DOLLARS] [RANKS OVERALL ARE FOR THE YEARS 1997-2000] TOTAL 2,069,983 CANADA 234,831 RANK: 2 SWITZERLAND 83,424 RANK: 5 LUXEMBOURG 61,615 FRANCE 60,860 RANK: 8 BELGIUM 36,733 AFRICA 24,257 AFRICA* 14,950 *NOT INCL. EGYPT, NIGERIA, SOUTH AFRICA

  35. Foreign Investment in US FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN THE US 2005 IN MILLIONS OF DOLLARS RANKS ARE FOR THE YEARS 1997-2000 • TOTAL 1,635,291 • FRANCE 143,378 RANK: 5 • CANADA 144,033 RANK: 6 • LUXEMBOURG 116,736 RANK: 7 • SWITZERLAND 122,399 RANK: 8 • BELGIUM 9,712 • AFRICA 2,564

  36. CONGO [R.D.] 166,000,000 HAITI 123,000,000 MADAGASCAR 61,000,000 RWANDA 57,000,000 MALI 52,000,000 BURUNDI 49,000,000 GUINEE 47,000,000 SENEGAL 45,000,000 COTE D’IVOIRE 32,000,000 BENIN 26,000,000 NIGER 25,000,000 BURKINA FASO 19,000,000 REP. CENTRAFR. 15,000,000 DJIBOUTI 7,000,000 TOGO 3,250,000 GABON 2,300,000 VANUATU 1,700,000 MAURICE 700,000 COMORES 15,000 GUINEE EQUAT. 15,000 US Aid to Francophone Countries [2004-2005 average]Source: OECD

  37. Issues With Individual Countries Using the previous indicators as a starting point, what can further investigation into the current socio-economic reality of the individual countries mentioned above reveal to us?

  38. Sources Used • BBC Country Profiles • U.S. Department of State [Background Notes] • CIA World Factbook • U.S. Department of Commerce [Country Commercial Guides]

  39. Belgique • Headquarters for EU and NATO • U.S. is #5 trading partner • 31.7% of population in Wallonie • Highest per capita employment in world in terms of car assembly • U.S. is #3 destination for Belgian tourists

  40. Burkina Faso • Significant gold reserves • Cotton is mainstay of economy • 90% of workforce in agriculture • China is the major trading partner, along with France

  41. Comores • Important exporter of vanilla, cloves, and perfume oil • World’s #2 producer of vanilla • Tourism potential? • 20+ coups and attempted coups since independence in 1975

  42. Congo [Brazzaville] • Oil production accounts for 39% of GDP and 89% of export earnings • Oil industry dominated by Total, but also Chevron and Texaco • Workforce is still two-thirds agricultural

  43. COTE D’IVOIRE • Very good infrastructure for a developing country • Produces 40% of world’s cocoa • Oil production growing substantially

  44. Gabon • Prosperous due to oil • Developing eco-tourism • Petroleum accounts for 43% of GDP and 81% of exports; U.S. is 53% of export market • #2 in world for manganese deposits [used in steelmaking]

  45. And interesting facts about some other Francophone countries: • Guinée: has perhaps one-half of world’s reserves of bauxite [for aluminum] • Luxembourg: 79% of GDP is related to banking • Maurice: 90% of cultivated land is dedicated to sugar cane • Nouvelle Calédonie: has one-fourth of world’s nickel deposits

  46. And some more facts… • Niger: #3 in world for uranium deposits • Rwanda: tea accounts for 60% of exports • Sénégal: Dakar, with its new airport, is an increasingly important transportation hub • Seychelles: the highest GDP per capita in Africa; Heinz is the largest employer [tuna processing plant] • Togo: #4 world exporter of phosphates

  47. VIVE LA FRANCOPHONIE!

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