1 / 45

Infectious Disease Objectives

Infectious Disease Objectives. Upon completion of this lecture, you will be better able to: List the infectious diseases commonly encountered in the school setting

LionelDale
Télécharger la présentation

Infectious Disease Objectives

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Infectious Disease Objectives Upon completion of this lecture, you will be better able to: • List the infectious diseases commonly encountered in the school setting • Describe the etiology, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, complications, treatment and prevention of the diseases discussed in the manual • Identify the incubation and isolation periods for these diseases Illinois EMSC

  2. INFECTIOUS DISEASES Illinois EMSC

  3. FIFTH DISEASE CAUSE: • A virus known as human parvovirus or B19 SYMPTOMS: • “Slapped cheek” rash (starts on face and spreads • Fever, general pruritis, flu symptoms, and pharyngitis Illinois EMSC

  4. FIFTH DISEASE • Incubation period is 6-14 days • Symptoms usually begin one to two weeks after exposure to the virus • NOTE:WHEN THE RASH APPEARS, THE STUDENT IS NO LONGER CONTAGIOUS! Illinois EMSC

  5. “Slapped Cheek” rash Illinois EMSC

  6. FIFTH DISEASE • COMPLICATIONS • Can be dangerous to women who are less than 20 weeks pregnant • Dangerous to cancer or immunosuppressed students • DIAGNOSIS • Usually made by clinical symptoms • TREATMENT • No definitive treatment at this time Illinois EMSC

  7. FIFTH DISEASE • PREVENTION • Good handwashing is the best defense against the virus • Universal substance precautions • NOTE: THERE IS CURRENTLY NO VACCINE AVAILABLE Illinois EMSC

  8. PERTUSSIS • CAUSE: • Caused by a bacteria known as Bordetella pertussis • Highly contagious • TRANSMISSION: • By airborne droplets • Incubation period is 5-10 days Illinois EMSC

  9. PERTUSSIS 3 STAGES OF THE DISEASE: 1. CATARRHAL STAGE (1-2 weeks) • Child is MOST CONTAGIOUS in this stage 2. PAROXYSMAL STAGE (2-4 weeks) 3. CONVALESCENT STAGE (3-4 weeks) Illinois EMSC

  10. Illinois EMSC

  11. PERTUSSIS COMPLICATIONS • Pneumonia • Apnea • Dehydration, weight loss • Atelectasis • Seizures Illinois EMSC

  12. PERTUSSIS DIAGNOSIS • A nasopharyngeal swab is used to test for the B. pertussis bacteria TREATMENT • Erythromycin PREVENTION • Vaccination Illinois EMSC

  13. INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS CAUSE • The Epstein-Barr virus is the most common cause of mononucleosis (mono) • In the United States, the incidence of mono peaks in adolescence Illinois EMSC

  14. INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS TRANSMISSION • Transmitted through affected saliva. Also known as the ”kissing disease” SYMPTOMS • High fever • Splenomegaly • Lymphadenopathy • Fatigue • Hepatosplenomegaly Illinois EMSC

  15. INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS DIAGNOSIS • A blood test is required to confirm the diagnosis (Monospot) • CBC usually shows atypical lymphocytes COMPLICATIONS • Splenic rupture • Guillain-Barre Illinois EMSC

  16. INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS TREATMENT • Currently no medication to treat the disease • Treatment typically palliative - treat the symptoms PREVENTION • There is no vaccinecurrently available • Best defense is to avoid direct exposure to anyone with symptoms. Always maintain good handwashing Illinois EMSC

  17. SCARLET FEVER CAUSE • Usually caused by group A streptococcus SYMPTOMS • Fever, pharyngitis, “sandpaper” rash Illinois EMSC

  18. Illinois EMSC

  19. SCARLET FEVER TRANSMISSION • Respiratory droplets spread the disease. Spread by close contact and shared utensils • Incubation period is 3-5 days • NOTE:Student is contagious until antibiotic is taken for 24 hours Illinois EMSC

  20. Illinois EMSC

  21. SCARLET FEVER DIAGNOSIS • A throat culture determines if Strep A is present • If culture is positive and there is a rash, the diagnosis is made TREATMENT • The drug of choice is penicillin Illinois EMSC

  22. Illinois EMSC

  23. SCARLET FEVER COMPLICATIONS • Rheumatic Fever • Glomerulonephritis PREVENTION • Avoid close contact or sharing of utensils with anyone who is symptomatic. Always maintain good handwashing Illinois EMSC

  24. RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS • Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most frequent cause of respiratory tract infections in children less than 4 years old • Most children experience at least one infection by age 3. Confers only partial protection from subsequent infection, so reinfection can occur. Illinois EMSC

  25. RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS SYMPTOMS • Wheezing • Tachypnea • Retractions • Nasal flaring • Atelectasis Illinois EMSC

  26. RESPIRATORY SYNCTIAL VIRUS COMPLICATIONS • Hypoxia • Dehydration • Respiratory failure Illinois EMSC

  27. RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS TREATMENT • Oxygen • Fluid balance • Tylenol • Albuterol nebulizer or oral medication Illinois EMSC

  28. Pediculosis THREE FORMS OF HEAD LICE • NIT- Eggs of head lice. Hatch in approximately 1 week. Usually found attached to hair shaft. • NYMPH - Becomes an adult in approximately 7 days after hatching. Will die without blood supply. • ADULT - Has 6 legs and can live up to 30 days on a head. Needs blood supply to live. Illinois EMSC

  29. Pediculosis DIAGNOSIS A diagnosis is made when one or more live lice are found on the student. Illinois EMSC

  30. Pediculosis TREATMENT • Only treat a student when live lice are found. • A standard chemical insecticidal lotion is used. • Inform parent/guardian on how to treat household items. Illinois EMSC

  31. IMPETIGO TWO TYPES OF IMPETIGO • Nonbullous impetigo- This type is typically seen to a greater degree in children versus adults. Usually affects the facial area. • Bullous impetigo-This type is highly contagious and can spread to large areas of skin. Illinois EMSC

  32. Illinois EMSC

  33. Illinois EMSC

  34. IMPETIGO TREATMENT • Impetigo is usually treated with oral antibiotics such as dicloxacillin. • Occasionally, only a topical antibiotic such as mupirocin is prescribed. Illinois EMSC

  35. RINGWORM CAUSE Ringworm (tinea capitis) is caused by the fungus Trichophyton tonsurans. When ringworm affects the scalp, typically hair loss occurs. Illinois EMSC

  36. Illinois EMSC

  37. RINGWORM TREATMENT The treatment for ringworm is oral griseofulvin for 8 weeks. Antifungal shampoo should also be used 2 times a week for 8 weeks. Illinois EMSC

  38. RINGWORM PREVENTION • Good handwashing • No sharing of personal hair products • Checking pets for signs and symptoms of ringworm Illinois EMSC

  39. MENINGITIS • Meningitis is an inflammation of the meninges. Can be bacterial or viral. • Leading cause of bacterial meningitis used to be Haemophilus influenzae type B • Current leading cause is Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitis. Illinois EMSC

  40. MENINGITIS SYMPTOMS • High fever • Headache • Stiff neck • Nausea, vomiting • Photophobia • Lethargy Illinois EMSC

  41. Illinois EMSC

  42. Illinois EMSC

  43. MENINGITIS TREATMENT • Hospitalization • IV antibiotics are the treatment of choice for bacterial meningitis Illinois EMSC

  44. Summary Children are subject to a wide variety of infectious illness, ranging in severity from minor annoyances to potentially lethal diseases. It is important to be aware of the findings and progression associated with these diseases in order to expediate evaluation, treatment, prevention and followup. Remember – contagious illness poses a particular threat to students who have compromised immune systems. Implement special precautions to protect these students from infectious diseases at school. Illinois EMSC

  45. ANY QUESTIONS?? Illinois EMSC

More Related