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Anatomy of the Spinal Cord….

Anatomy of the Spinal Cord…. Meninges …. Pia Mater. Arachnoid Mater. The sub arachnoid space: contains the spinal fluid. Dura Mater. Epidural Space : out here between the dura mater and the bone. Anatomy of the Spinal Cord…. Spinal Cord: Gray Matter. Posterior Horn. Central Canal.

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Anatomy of the Spinal Cord….

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  1. Anatomy of the Spinal Cord….

  2. Meninges…. Pia Mater Arachnoid Mater The sub arachnoid space: contains the spinal fluid Dura Mater Epidural Space: out here between the dura mater and the bone

  3. Anatomy of the Spinal Cord….

  4. Spinal Cord: Gray Matter Posterior Horn Central Canal Posterior gray horns contain somatic and visceral sensory nuclei Anterior gray horns contain somatic motor nuclei Lateral gray horns (only located in the thoracic and lumbar segments) contain visceral motor nuclei Anterior Horn

  5. Spinal Cord: White Matter Posterior White Column Each column contains tracts(axons) Ascending tracts carry sensory information from the body toward the brain Descending tracts carry motor commands to the spinal cord Lateral White Column Anterior White Column Anterior Median Fissure

  6. Central Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System What do we know about the nervous system? Major Divisions Central (CNS) – the brain and spinal cord Peripheral (PNS) – the nerves connecting muscles and organs to the CNS

  7. Nerves What do we know about the Peripheral Nervous System? 3 kinds of neurons • sensory – sensory receptors • motor – connected to muscles and organs • interneurons – connection within the CNS

  8. What do we know about the Peripheral Nervous System? How many cranial nerves? How many spinal nerves? 12 pairs 32 pairs P e r i p h e r a l N e r v o u s S y s t e m Somatic Autonomic S y m p a t h e t i c P a r a s y m p a t h e t i c

  9. Brain Sensory Neuron Motor Neuron Skin receptors Interneuron Muscle What do we know about the Somatic Nervous System? Nerves to and from spinal cord Controls both voluntary muscle & reflex movements Simplest reflex Reflex arc

  10. Pupils dilate EYES Pupils contract Decreases SALVATION Increases Perspires SKIN Dries Increases RESPERATION Decreases Accelerates HEART Slows Inhibits DIGESTION Activates Secrete stress hormones ADRENAL GLANDS Decrease secretion of stress hormones What do we know about the Autonomic Nervous System? Two divisions Sympathetic Parasympathetic Controls Involuntary functions

  11. Brain Spinal Cord What do we know about the Central Nervous System?

  12. Frontal Corpus Callosum Right Hemisphere Parietal Occipital Temporal Left Hemisphere What do we know about theBrain? Brain has Hemispheres 2 Each Hemisphere is divided into 4 lobes

  13. Left visual field Right visual field Motor Cortex Somatosensory Cortex Optic nerves Left Visual Cortex Corpus Callosum Right Visual Cortex What do we know about Contralateral organization? Sensory Information sent to hemisphere Movement controlled by Motor cortex Right Hemisphere controls of body left side opposite

  14. Frontal Parietal Occipital Temporal What do we know about Localization of function? Frontal Motor, speech Temporal hearing, memory Occipital balance, vision Parietal Somatosensory cortex

  15. Corpus Callosum What do we know about Corpus Callosum? Major (but not only) pathway between left & right hemispheres Data received on one side can be processed in both hemispheres motor coordination Aids Of left and right sides of body

  16. What do we know about Nervous system damage? Can occur due to: Genetics (inherited) illness (viral or bacterial), congenital (birth defect), or injury Can affect: Central nervous system and/or peripheral nervous system

  17. Genetic Huntington’s Disease Lou Gehrig’s Disease Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis HDcauses progressive degeneration of brain cells (neurons) in certain areas of the brain Leads to loss of motor control and intellectual faculties, emotional disturbances, and death ALScauses progressive destruction of anterior horn motor neurons of the spinal column Leads to paralysis and death

  18. Illness Poliomyelitis Syphilis Poliomeans gray matter The polio virus causes inflammation of the gray matter in the anterior horn motor neurons. These neurons innervate muscles Symptoms:causes muscle paralysis Neurosyphilis can occur when syphilis infection goes untreated Areas of the brain can be damaged Symptoms:behavioral changes, mood swings, and progressive confusion

  19. Congenital Spina bifida Anencephaly Results when the cerebrum fails to develop Symptoms:unable to hear, see, or process sensory input Results when the vertebrae form incompletely The spinal cord can be exposed or incompletely formed Symptoms:complete loss of function from point of defect

  20. Injury How might damage to the peripheral nervous system present itself? How might damage to the central nervous system present itself?

  21. Which system is affected? Positive babinski PNS Loss of bladder control PNS Unable to speak CNS Can’t shrug left shoulder PNS Loss of memory CNS Inability to move left leg CNS Inability to feel heat PNS

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