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Studies in the Cambridge rainforest

Sunrise. Flight at oviposition site, Aug 21-22. 1. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10 ... Sunrise. Flight at oviposition site. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 0. 5. 10. 15. 20. 25. 30. 35 ...

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Studies in the Cambridge rainforest

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    1. Studies in the Cambridge rainforest

    Paul Reiter CDC West Nile Project Harvard School of Public Health

    2. A collaborative study

    Harvard School of Public Health Massachusetts State Laboratory Institute Cambridge Public Health Department East Middlesex Mosquito Control Project Central Massachusetts Mosquito Control Project CDC Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, and:

    3. Egg-rafts in natural sites

    4. Cx.restuans egg-rafts, Memphis, 1981

    5. Hay infusion

    6. On the road

    7. The trap is laid

    8. Convenient collecting vessel

    9. Species identification in the 1st instar

    egg-breaker

    10. Egg rafts, Memphis,1982

    11. Memphis, 1983, Cx. restuans eggs

    12. Gravid mosquitoes, 1983

    13. 1983, Cx. restuans, gravid females

    What is the impact of ULV treatments on Culex pipiens and Cx. restuans?

    15. Bioassay Cages

    16. Memphis, Resmethrin, 0.0062 lb/acre

    1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 egg-rafts per site day of trial

    17. Memphis, mean % change, 4 trials

    18. Summary of observations, Memphis

    Springtime restuans and enzootic transmission coincide Dramatic early summer disappearance of restuans Dramatic fall reappearance of restuans Principal Cx. pipiens activity after restuans dormancy ULV resmethrin effective against Culex species

    0.00 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 1-Jun 1-Jul 1-Aug 1-Sep 1-Oct 1-Nov 1-Dec 1-Jan egg-rafts per pan date

    19. Egg-raft collections, Boston, 2001

    20. Culex larval infestation rates

    Cambridge Yards: 27% positive (n = 30) Jamaica Plain Catch basins: 38% positive (n = 100)

    21. Burlington, resmethrin, 0.001 lb/acre

    egg-rafts per site

    22. Framingham, Resmethrin, 0.00175 lb/acre

    23. Tewksbury, Resmethrin, 0.007 lb/acre

    4-Sep 5-Sep 6-Sep 7-Sep 8-Sep 9-Sep 10-Sep 11-Sep 12-Sep 13-Sep 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 egg-rafts per site date

    Why was ULV resmethrin effective against Culex spp in Memphis … but not in Massachusetts … ?

    25. Possible reasons?

    Application rate? Street plan? Vegetation? Weather variables? Mosquitoes behavior?

    26. Egg-raft collections, after August 1

    n n n n n l l l l l 20-Aug 27-Aug 3-Sep 10-Sep 17-Sep 0 5 10 15 20 egg rafts per site week

    27. Egg-raft collections in fall

    p = 0.94

    28. Bird-baited trap

    29. Urban Culex are canopy feeders?

    Ground Canopy 840

    30. Decline of Culex adults in autumn

    September October

    31. Parous rate of blood-feeding Culex

    These mosquitoes ecloded before August 10th? Mosq. Parous % 7 77.8 10 100.0 22 95.7 11 100.0 4 100.0 4 100.0 4 100.0 6 100.0 16 88.9 1 100.0 9 100.0 13 100.0 6 100.0 9 6 100.0 124 119 97.3 Sep 20

    32. Questing at caged starling, Sept 10-11

    33. Questing at caged starling, Sept 11-12

    34. Questing at caged starling, Sept 12-13

    35. Flight at oviposition site, Aug 21-22

    36. Flight at oviposition site

    Mean of 4 nights data

    37. Overwintering

    38. Survival in overwintering Culex

    Cold winter El Niño winter

    39. Conclusions (Boston): background data

    Cx restuans and Cx pipiens are abundant Source is not clear Catch basins may not be significant as source

    40. Blood feeding

    Cx. restuans and pipiens feed in tree canopy Questing occurs throughout the night

    41. Oviposition

    Flight over sites mainly in early night Oviposition mainly late in night

    42. After early August …

    Pre-diapause adults feed and oviposit Diapausing adults do not feed Survival rate of pre-diapause adults is high Adulticides: major impact on transmission? Survival of overwintering adults is high

    43. Acknowledgements

    Duane Gubler Andy Spielman Richard Pollack Tony Kiczewski Chris Mores Sam Telford Mike Reddy TJ Lepore Sejal Shah Matthew Garland Brian Spencer Patrick Barton Nina Kishore Henry Goldfarb David Goldfarb Ralph Timperi Barbara Werner Sam Lipson David Henley Tim Deschamps Gary Alpert James Willcox Larry Acosta Paul Meyvaert Curtis Brown & Diane Allen About 120 householders

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