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Early Greece

Early Greece. Aegean Culture. Cyclades Islands Bronze tools Imaginative/humorous pottery Marble statues/idols Peaceful fishing / agriculture society. Bronze Age in Crete. Arthur Evans, 1894-1900 Crete King Minos / Knossos Early Minoan Increasing growth Scattered Towns. [Image 1.22]

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Early Greece

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  1. Early Greece

  2. Aegean Culture Cyclades Islands • Bronze tools • Imaginative/humorous pottery • Marble statues/idols • Peaceful fishing / agriculture society

  3. Bronze Age in Crete • Arthur Evans, 1894-1900 • Crete • King Minos / Knossos • Early Minoan • Increasing growth • Scattered Towns

  4. [Image 1.22] Palace of Minos at Knossos

  5. Middle Minoan • Evolution of large urban centers • Art = lively and colorful • Little interest in monumental art • Writing system of hieroglyphic signs

  6. [Image 1.25] Wasp Pendant

  7. Late Minoan • Period of rebuilding after earthquakes • High point of Minoan culture • Linear A / Linear B writing • Religion centered upon mother goddess connected with fertility

  8. [Image 1.27] Snake Goddess

  9. [Image 1.28] Funerary Mask

  10. Mycenaean Culture • Heinrich Schliemann, 1870-1873 • The Trojan War (1250 B.C.E.) • Strongly influenced by Minoan Culture • Art = preoccupied with death and war • Fall of the Mycenaean empire (1200 B.C.E.)

  11. History of Early Greece Three Main Periods • The Heroic Age • The Age of Colonization • The Archaic Period

  12. The Heroic Age • Religious Worldview • Civic (city-state deities) • Private (chthonic deities) • Urban Lifestyle • Polis • Acropolis • Agora • Human – not divine Solutions

  13. [Image 2.1] Zeus (Poseidon?)

  14. The Iliad & The Odyssey • “the Homeric question” • Oral Tradition • Epithets • Iliad • Theme of Human Responsibility • Elaborate Similes • Odyssey • Return of the Epic Hero

  15. The Iliad Greeks: Achilles Agamemnon Menelaus Helen Patroclus Trojans: Hektor Paris Priam Key Players: Thetis The Gods

  16. Themes • Anger • War • Glory • Honor

  17. The Odyssey • Continues after the Trojan War • Odysseus’ journey home to Ithica • Hero’s returns despite trials

  18. Art and Heroic Age Society • Painted Vases • Protogeometric (1000-900 B.C.E.) • Concentric circles, semi-circles • Geometric (900-700 B.C.E.) • Linear designs, the meander • Human Forms (~800 B.C.E.) • Amphora /Amphorae

  19. Age of Colonization • Prosperity of City-States • Competition, Image • Wealth + Over-Population = Colonization • Italy, Sicily, Egypt, Asia Minor • Trade and Cultural Exposure • Orientalizing

  20. Visual Artsat Corinth and Athens • Corinthian Art • Eastern Motifs • Commercially Successful • Athenian Art • Narrative style (Myth, Daily Life) • Trade Rivalry: Corinth vs. Athens

  21. The Beginnings ofGreek Sculpture • Heavy Egyptian influence • Kore / Korai (Female) • Kouros / Kouroi (Male) • Increasing Realism, Naturalism • Careful study of human anatomy • Representation of Life and vigor

  22. Sculpture and Painting in the Archaic Period • Tyrants / Artistic Patronage • Artistic Developments • Freestanding Figures • The “Archaic Smile” • Vase Painting • Black- and Red-Figure Styles

  23. [Image 2.9] Calf-Bearer

  24. [Image 2.13] Kritios Boy

  25. [Image 2.15] Euphronios, painter, Euxitheos, potter, red-figure calyx krater

  26. Architecture:The Doric Order • Simple dignity • No Base/20 flutes • Capital • Echinus, Abacus • Entablature • Architrave, frieze, triglyphs/metopes • Cornice, Pediment

  27. [Image 2.16] Basilica at Paestum

  28. Architecture:The Ionic Order • Ornate, fanciful • Tiered Base/24 flutes • Capital • Volutes • 3-D Architraves • Running Frieze

  29. Literature • Lyric verse vs. Heroic verse • Sappho • Herodotus (Father of History) • History of the Persian Wars • Right over Might • Hubris

  30. Protagoras “Man is the measure of all things, of the existence of those that exist, and the nonexistence of those that do not” First culture to be human-centered.

  31. Pre-Socratic Philosophy • Materialists • Explain phenomena through elements • Thales – water • Anaxagoras – reason • Pythagoranism • Mathematics - underlying principle of the universe / moral life

  32. Pre-Socratic Philosophy • Dualists • Two universes • One of perfection - Reason (unseen) • One of change (temporal) • Atomists • Unchanging Reality consists of small unseen particles (atoms) in the void

  33. Chapter 2: Discussion Questions • What significant differences exist between the cultures of the iron age and those of the bronze age? Explain. • Consider the role of religion in Early Greece. What does Early Greek theology suggest about the concerns of the society? Explain. • What were the causes for and the results of Greek colonization? Cite specific examples. • Explain the new directions of art in the Archaic Period. What do these changes suggest about the culture that was producing and patronizing this art?

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