Chapter 3 Colonial America 1587-1770

1. Chapter 3 Colonial America1587-1770 Section 4 Southern Colonies

2. Section 4-Polling Question • A • B • C • D If you were given the responsibility of writing a constitution for a new state, which of the following would be the most important to include? A.A bill of rights B.Responsibilities of the government C.A plan for the division of land D.A clear process on how to amend the constitution

3. Essential Question • How and Why did the Southern Colonies grow? How and why did the Southern Colonies grow?

4. In the South • White males controlled most property • Plantations (Big Farms) became important to economic growth • More plantation increased the need for workers • English criminals and prisoners of war were sent to work • They could buy their release by working for a period of time (Usually 7 years) • African rulers sold their prisoners of war to European slave traders • Enslaved prisoners were taken to the colonies • Many people came as indentured servants • They agreed to work without pay for a set about of time for passage to America

5. Establishing Maryland • Founded by Sir George Calvert, Lord Baltimore • For a safe place for Catholics persecuted in England • Proprietary colony north of Virginia • Calvert died and his son Cecilius named it Maryland • Two of his brothers began to run it in 1634 • Large estates, or pieces of land, were given to English aristocrats • Many plantations came about and needed labor • Indentured servants and enslaved Africans were imported

6. Maryland Boundaries • Calvert and Penn families argued over boundary • In the 1760’s they hired Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon to map the boundaries • Also put up a line of stones bearing the Penn and Calvert crests • The Mason-Dixon line

7. Section 4 • A • B • C • D The Mason-Dixon line separates which two states? A.New Jersey and Pennsylvania B.New York and Pennsylvania C.Maryland and Pennsylvania D.Delaware and Pennsylvania

8. Another Conflict in Maryland • Harder to resolve • Protestants and Catholics were welcomed • There were more Protestants • To protect the Catholics, the Act of Tolerance was passed in 1649 • Granted the right to worship freely • Tensions continued • 1692- the Protestant controlled assembly made the Anglican church the official church in Maryland • Catholics faced the same restrictions they had in England

9. Virginia • Settlers continued into Virginia • Took Native American land • Virginia Governor William Berkeley made a pledge to Native Americans • In exchange for a piece of land, he agreed to keep settlers from pushing into their territory • Nathaniel Bacon, a planter, (along with others) resented the pledge to the Native Americans • Some settled in these forbidden areas and then blamed the government for not protecting them

10. Bacon Rebellion • 1676- Bacon led attacks on Native American villages • Marched to Jamestown and put Berkeley into exile • Bacon’s sudden death kept him from governing Virginia • England recalled Berkeley and sent troops to restore order • Showed that settlers would not be limited to the coast • The colonial government formed a militia to control Native Americans • Also opened up more land for settlement

11. The Carolinas • 1663- proprietary colony south of Virginia called Carolina • King gave land to 8 nobles • Nobles rented land to settlers from England • John Locke, and English philosopher, wrote a constitution for Carolina • A plan of government • Contained land divisions and social ranking

12. Northern and Southern Carolina • Farmers from inland Virginia settled northern Carolina • They grew tobacco • Sold timber and tar • Did not have good harbor so they used Virginia’s ports for trade • Southern Carolina prospered from fertile farmland and the harbor at Charles Town (Charleston) • Settlements spread, and trade in deerskin, lumber, and beef thrived

13. Carolina’s Crops • Two crops dominated • Rice grew well in the wet coastal lowlands • Rice required much labor, so the demand for slave labor rose • Another crop was developed in the 1740s • Indigo by Eliza Lucas • Used to dye textiles • 1729- Carolina became North Carolina and South Carolina

14. Section 4 • A • B • C • D Which two crops came to dominate Carolina agriculture? A.Tobacco and corn B.Rice and indigo C.Maize and squash D.Oranges and strawberries

15. Georgia • Founded in 1733 by James Oglethorpe • Last British colony in America • Place for debtors and poor people could make a fresh start • In Britain, debtors- those who were not able to repay debts- were imprisoned • Georgia was supposed to protect the other colonies from the Spanish in Florida • Savannah, Georgia was set up as barrier against Spanish expansion • Few debtors came instead, hundreds of poor people arrived from Britain • Religious refugees from Central Europe and a small group of Jews arrived

16. Georgia Settlers • Complained about Oglethorpe’s rules • Especially the limits on landholding • Also the bans on slave labor and rum • Oglethorpe agreed to their demands • The colony grew slow and Oglethorpe turned Georgia back over to the king

17. France in North America • The French built Quebec in 1608 • France wanted fishing and trapping animals for fur • 1663 New France became a royal colony • Louis Joliet and Jacques Marquette explored the Mississippi River • Looking for a water route to the Pacific (Northwest Passage) • Rene-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle followed the Mississippi to the Gulf of Mexico • La Salle claimed area for France • Called area Louisiana in honor of King Louis XIV • 1718- port of New Orleans was founded

18. Growth of New France • Advanced slowly • Estates along the St. Lawrence River • Estate holders received land in return for bringing settlers • Known as tenant farmers, the settlers paid their lord an annual rent and worked for him for a fixed number of days each year

19. France and Native Americans • Had a good relationship with Native Americans • French trappers and traders went deep into Indian lands • Lived in Indian villages • Learned their language • Married Indian women • Respected their ways • Tried to convert the Native Americans for Catholicism • They did not try to change their customs • Did not push Indians off their lands

20. Section 4 • A • B • C • D Who had better relations with the Native Americans than any other Europeans? A.English B.French C.Spanish D.Dutch

21. Spanish in North America • Controlled most of Mexico, the Caribbean, and Central and South America • Also the western and southern parts of the present-day United States • The Spanish wanted to protect its area and built many cities to protect it • Spanish priests built a string of missions along the Pacific coast • Missions are religious settlements established to convert people to a faith • The missions helped the Spanish claim California • On the missions they often forced Native Americans to work • Later Junipero Serra supported Native American rights on these missions

22. European Conflicts • Rivalries between European nations carried over into the Americas • France and Britain were expanding their North American settlements • Fought several wars in the early 1700s • Fights in Europe often followed to North America

23. Essential Question How and why did the Southern Colonies grow? Maryland: established as a safe place for Catholics; land granted to English aristocrats and other settlers; enslaved Africans and indentured servants imported to work on plantations Virginia: settlers pushed west into Native American lands; Bacon led rebellion to open more lands for settlement Carolinas: Proprietary colony split into two royal colonies; produced tobacco, timber, tar, rice, and indigo Georgia: began as a place for debtors and poor people and as a barrier against Spanish expansion; colony attracted poor people and religious refugees; slow growth led proprietor to return colony to the king • How and Why did the Southern Colonies grow?

24. Chapter 3 Section 4 Quiz

25. Criminals and prisoners of war were sometimes shipped to the colonies. • True • False

26. Lord Baltimore wanted a safe place for Catholics. • True • False

27. Corn became the leading crop in the Carolinas. • True • False

28. A series of missions along the Pacific coast gave Spain a claim to California. • True • False

29. Wars in Europe had no effect on life in the colonies. • True • False

30. Which colony was established as a safe place for Catholics? • Georgia • Maryland • South Carolina • North Carolina

31. Carolina's crop developed in the 1740s by Eliza Lucas was • corn. • lumber. • indigo. • rice.

32. Which colony did Britain originally settle as a military barrier? • South Carolina • Georgia • North Carolina • Maryland

33. Quebec was founded by the • English. • French. • Dutch. • Spanish.

34. The Franciscan monk who worked for the rights of Native Americans was • Robert de La Salle. • Jacques Marquette. • Louis Joliet. • Junípero Serra.

35. Participant Scores

36. Team Scores