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Central Asia Regional Assessment on Decentralization

Central Asia Regional Assessment on Decentralization. Glen Wright FDI Workshop Istanbul November 29-30, 2006. Governance Indicators. Governance Indicators. Governance Indicators. Governance Indicators. Governance Indicators. Governance Indicators. Governance Indicators.

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Central Asia Regional Assessment on Decentralization

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  1. Central Asia Regional Assessment on Decentralization Glen Wright FDI Workshop Istanbul November 29-30, 2006

  2. Governance Indicators

  3. Governance Indicators

  4. Governance Indicators

  5. Governance Indicators

  6. Governance Indicators

  7. Governance Indicators

  8. Governance Indicators Bertelsmann Transformation Index Ranking Ranking 2003 2006 Kazakhstan 61 66 Kyrgyzstan 69 78 Tajikistan 100 102 Uzbekistan 93 103

  9. Obstacles to Decentralized System • Legacy of Soviet Communist Party System • Sudden Soviet Collapse • Rising Nationalism/Ethnic/Religious Fundamentalism • Local Loyalties/Clans/Ethnic Mix

  10. Legal Frameworks • Kyrgyzstan • Basic Framework with contradictions • Failure to Implement • New effort/State Commissions • New Budget Structure Proposed 2007 • Issues Admin-Territorial Division Functional Assignments Intergovernmental Transfer Formula

  11. Legal Frameworks • Tajikistan • Outdated legal framework from 1990s • Public Administration Reform Strategy • Presidential Working Groups • Issues • Role of Jamoat • Law on Local Government

  12. Legal Frameworks • Kazakhstan • Framework from Early 1990s • Power of Akim • Weak Maslihkat Councils • Issues • Transformation of Central Apparatus • Drafting of New Local Government Framework

  13. Legal Frameworks • Uzbekistan • Framework from Early 1990s • Strong Central Apparatus • Khokim Control • Role of Mahallas • Issues • Transformation of Central Apparatus

  14. Functional Assignments • Common Problems of the CA Countries • Dichotomy of Laws and Realities • Confused Assignments to Each Tier • Size of Local Units • Kyrgyzstan/Tajikistan • Some Progress Through Donor Support • Kazakhstan/Uzbekistan • Little Progress or Interest

  15. Financial Resources • Common Problems of the CA Countries • Many Sources/Little Fiscal Capacity • Central Control Over Tax Rates and Base • Reliance on Shared Taxes • Unstable Revenue Allocations • Poor Tax Administration Capacity • Little Progress in Any of the CA Countries

  16. Intergovernmental Transfers • Common Problems of the CA Countries • Continued System of Bargaining/Negotiation • Budget Balancing Main Objective • No Objective or Equalizing Formula Criteria • Some Progress in Kyrgyzstan

  17. Local Government Associations • Kyrgyzstan • Association from Mid-1990s • 2 Main Associations Presently • Active in Policy Development • Tajikistan • Association of Small Cities • Kazakhstan/Uzbekistan • Difficult Environment for NGOs • Strength of Akims

  18. FDI Potential Support Areas • Support for Policy Analysis Development • Local Government Professional Associations

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