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Enterprise Resource Planning Research Enterprise Systems Research Center University of Arkansas Paul Cronan, David Doug

Enterprise Resource Planning Research Enterprise Systems Research Center University of Arkansas Paul Cronan, David Douglas, & Pam Schmidt. Information Systems Walton College of Business. ERP Learning & Attitudes . Paul Cronan & David Douglas (with Pam Schmidt & Omar Alnuaimi)

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Enterprise Resource Planning Research Enterprise Systems Research Center University of Arkansas Paul Cronan, David Doug

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  1. Enterprise Resource Planning ResearchEnterprise Systems Research CenterUniversity of ArkansasPaul Cronan, David Douglas, & Pam Schmidt Information Systems Walton College of Business HICSS-43 2010

  2. ERP Learning & Attitudes • Paul Cronan & David Douglas • (with Pam Schmidt & Omar Alnuaimi) • ERP Learning – traditional classroom approach includes in examples and exercises • Learners follow examples and then use SAP to learn functionality • Attitudes – in our experience • What if – • Real world experiences – real problems • Demonstrate and utilize integration • Higher level of learning • Attitudes toward SAP HICSS-43 2010

  3. ERP Learning & Attitudes ERP implementations run into the many millions of dollars Many fail because of attitude and change management The impact is not totally accounted for because of all the people who interface with the system Benefits – more/better system usage and better decision making HICSS-43 2010

  4. ERP Simulation Game –Learning & Attitudes ERP Simulation used at the Walton College (UA) to learn ERP & SAP Cereals -- made to order manufacturing supply chain; sales process, procurement process, production process, entire cash-to-cash cycle ERP Simulation reacts real-time to multiple teams’ decisions – SAP is the interface between simulator and participants HICSS-43 2010

  5. ERP Simulation Game – • The simulation program, ERPSim, automates • the sales process such that each firm receives a large number of orders in every minute, • the procurement process to account for delivery delays, • the production process to account for capacity constraints, inventory, and raw materials. HICSS-43 2010

  6. ERP Simulation Research • Companies & Students • ConocoPhillips – • July 2008 – 22 new hires • February 2009 – 29 new hires • July 2009 – 20 new hires • Pre, Post, & 2nd Post (+90 days) Simulation Instrument • “self assessment” of ERP & business knowledge – 16 items • attitude toward SAP • Student Samples – Spring (35) plus Fall (46) for a combined sample of 81 HICSS-43 2010

  7. ERP Learning Factors (self-assessed) – • Enterprise Systems (ES) Management Knowledge - the extent to which an individual understands the impact and use of an ERP system (and the integrated information it provides) on the organization as a whole. • Business Process Knowledge - the extent to which an individual has a general understanding and knowledge of business terminology, business processes, and their inter-relatedness. • SAP Transaction Skills - the extent to which an individual has the user skills required to utilize SAP to perform transactions. HICSS-43 2010

  8. ERP Attitude Items – Attitude/feeling about SAP SAP’s ease of use integrated business processes ERP Performance Expectancy (expectations regarding gains in job performance) Effort Expectancy (ease associated with the use of the system) Attitude toward using technology (affective reaction to using the system) HICSS-43 2010

  9. ERP Simulation Research • Company Support can be found the - • Walton Enterprise Systems web site – http://enterprise.waltoncollege.uark.edu/ HICSS-43 2010

  10. July 2008 New Hires Sample HICSS-43 2010

  11. ERP Simulation Results – July 2008 HICSS-43 2010 Cronan, Douglas and Schmidt

  12. Table 3: User Acceptance of IT (Post ERP Simulation – Conoco Phillips) Results – User Acceptance of IT 2008 HICSS-43 2010 Cronan, Douglas and Schmidt

  13. Table 3: User Acceptance of IT (Post ERP Simulation – Conoco Phillips) Results – Simulation Experience 2008 Cronan, Douglas and Schmidt HICSS-43 2010

  14. ERP Simulation Results (+ 90 days) HICSS-43 2010 Cronan, Douglas and Schmidt

  15. Results – User Acceptance of IT (+ 90 days) HICSS-43 2010 Cronan, Douglas and Schmidt

  16. February 2009 New Hires Sample HICSS-43 2010

  17. ERP Simulation Results – February 2009 HICSS-43 2010 Cronan, Douglas and Schmidt

  18. Table 3: User Acceptance of IT (Post ERP Simulation – Conoco Phillips) Results – User Acceptance of IT 2009 HICSS-43 2010 Cronan, Douglas and Schmidt

  19. Table 3: User Acceptance of IT (Post ERP Simulation – Conoco Phillips) Results – Simulation Experience 2009 HICSS-43 2010 Cronan, Douglas and Schmidt

  20. ERP Simulation Results (+ 90 days) HICSS-43 2010 Cronan, Douglas and Schmidt

  21. Results – User Acceptance of IT (+ 90 days) Cronan, Douglas and Schmidt HICSS-43 2010

  22. July 2009 New Hires Sample HICSS-43 2010

  23. ERP Simulation Results – July 2009 HICSS-43 2010 Cronan, Douglas and Schmidt

  24. Table 3: User Acceptance of IT (Post ERP Simulation – Conoco Phillips) Results – User Acceptance of IT 2009 Cronan, Douglas and Schmidt HICSS-43 2010

  25. Table 3: User Acceptance of IT (Post ERP Simulation – Conoco Phillips) Results – Simulation Experience 2009 Cronan, Douglas and Schmidt HICSS-43 2010

  26. Student Sample HICSS-43 2010

  27. ERP Sim Results – Student Sample Cronan, Douglas and Schmidt HICSS-43 2010

  28. Satisfaction with Simulation Experience Student Sample HICSS-43 2010 Cronan, Douglas and Schmidt

  29. ERP Simulation Research • ConocoPhillips – how do these new hires feel about SAP today (one year on the job)? • Other Company Samples • Hitachi Consulting • Tyson Foods • Wal-Mart • Canadian Company Samples • What about employees who have been using SAP/ERP – can we influence their attitude about ERP/SAP and its role in the company? HICSS-43 2010

  30. ERP Simulation Research • More information regarding these studies can be found at: • Information Technology Research Institute Working papers at the Walton College Web site - http://itri.uark.edu/ • ‘New Hires’ WP 122-1008 (11-15-2009) • ‘Students’ WP 123-1008 (8-25-2009) • Slides can be downloaded from Walton Enterprise Systems web site – http://enterprise.waltoncollege.uark.edu/ HICSS-43 2010

  31. ERP Competencies Research Project (w/HECM) • Objective - What learner characteristics (factors) determine competency and knowledge transfer? Link between performance and characteristics. • Measures – • Objective measures (knowledge, transactions, process, etc.) • Self assessment • Usage (ERPSim game) • Performance data (assessing competency within a situation adding complexity) HICSS-43 2010

  32. ERP Simulation Research • Learning Studies - Compare “ERP Simulation approach” to “traditional lab exercise approach” for ERP Learning • Learning and Attitude • ERP Knowledge and Adaptation Research (Pam Schmidt) • Decision Making - ERPSim Performance (profit, etc.) • ERP Implementations • User Acceptance • Virtual Teams HICSS-43 2010

  33. ERP Knowledge and Adaptation ResearchPamela J. SchmidtUniversity of Arkansas ERP Hierarchy of Knowledge Types ERPsim attributes that promote learning Research Model of ERP Adaptation Preliminary Results HICSS-43 2010

  34. Hierarchy of Knowledge(Sein et al. 1999, Kang & Santhanam 2003-4) -Task Interdependencies - Collaborative Problem solving • Business Context • Bus. Motivational • Bus. Procedural Cognitive Knowledge • Application • Tool-conceptual • -Tool-procedural • Tool-command Skills HICSS-43 2010

  35. ERP Knowledge Transfers(Santhanam et al. 2007) Know-Why: Top between users & tech support Know-Why: Top among users HICSS-43 2010

  36. Simulation Attributes: Learning Value (New Hires Sample, N=38) HICSS-43 2010 P. J. Schmidt

  37. ERP Knowledge Effects on ERP Adaptation • ERP Hierarchy of Knowledge • UI Navigation Skills • Business Context • Business Process Knowledge • Finance & Accounting Knowledge • Hypotheses: Simulation preview of ERP (EUCS) • Increases Self-Efficacy • Informs cognitive appraisal of ERP use • Contributes to Satisfaction HICSS-43 2010

  38. ERP Simulation Learning & ERP AdaptationExploratory Research Model Cognitive Appraisal ERP Simulation Primary Appraisal (Opportunity) ERP Satisfaction Secondary Appraisal (Perceived Controllability) IT Self-Efficacy HICSS-43 2010 Cronan, Douglas and Schmidt

  39. Coping Model of User Adaptation (Beaudry & Pinsonneault 2005) • Cognitive Appraisal of IT Use: • Opportunity or Threat • Affected by level of perceived control • Adaptation Strategies: • Maximize Benefits • Benefits ‘Satisficing’ • Disturbance Handling • Self-Preservation HICSS-43 2010

  40. ERP Simulation Learning & ERP AdaptationExploratory Research Model Cognitive Appraisal ERP Simulation .53* Primary Appraisal (Opportunity) ERP Satisfaction .75* .45* .41* Secondary Appraisal (Perceived Controllability) IT Self-Efficacy * Significant with p-value < .05 (Preliminary Results) HICSS-43 2010 Cronan, Douglas and Schmidt

  41. ERP Simulation Learning & ERP AdaptationExploratory Research Model R-sq = .65 Cognitive Appraisal ERP Simulation R-sq = .56 .53* Primary Appraisal (Opportunity) ERP Satisfaction .75* .45* .41* Secondary Appraisal (Perceived Controllability) R-sq = .20 IT Self-Efficacy * Significant with p-value < .05 (Preliminary Results) HICSS-43 2010 Cronan, Douglas and Schmidt

  42. Thank you to participating Universities! Ball State University California State University, Chico Emporia State University Georgia Southern University So. Illinois State Univ., Edwardsville Ted Rogers School of IT Management University of Arkansas University of Delaware University of Houston University of Nevada, Reno University of Southern California University of Tampa A request to traditional ERP and ERPsim instructors: Please participate in Spring 2010 ERP survey (ERPsim) by contacting Pam Schmidt at pschmidt@uark.edu HICSS-43 2010

  43. Research Projects – what is your interest? • Learning Self-Assessment & Attitudes • Students • Company Employees • Comparing to traditional methods • ERP Competencies Research Project • Knowledge Structures • Team/Group Interaction • Technology Acceptance • Decision Modeling HICSS-43 2010

  44. Enterprise Resource Planning ResearchThank you ! HICSS-43 2010

  45. HICSS-43 2010

  46. Backup Slides HICSS-43 2010

  47. Simulation Attributes: Highest Learning Value Survey of Company New Hires, Pilot Results (n=38) HICSS-43 2010 Cronan, Douglas and Schmidt

  48. ERP Knowledge Structures • Theory: Cognitive Psychology • Kraiger et al. 1993, JAP • Theory: Collaborative Application Training • Kang and Santhanam 2003 LEARNING Cognitive Skills Affective Collaborative Task Appropriation In Use Good Practices In Use Bus. Context Applic. Knowledge HICSS-43 2010

  49. ERP Knowledge Acquisition • Learning Theory: Cognitive Psychology • Kraiger et al. 1993, JAP LEARNING Skills Cognitive Affective HICSS-43 2010

  50. ERP Knowledge Structures • Theory Background of Kang & Santhanam: • Sein, et al. 1999 (J. of End User Computing) • Evolution of knowledge in organization context Org. Team Individ. Tool Conceptual Business Motivational Bus. Procedural Tool Procedural Time HICSS-43 2010

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