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Phil Hurvitz Avian Conservation Lab Meeting 8. March. 2002

The FocalPatch Extension. Phil Hurvitz Avian Conservation Lab Meeting 8. March. 2002. Overview. Landscape Ecology Landscape Configuration Landscape Ecology Metrics Fragstats Focal Functions in GIS The FocalPatch Extension Patch Metrics and Utilization Distributions Fragstats Revisited.

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Phil Hurvitz Avian Conservation Lab Meeting 8. March. 2002

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  1. The FocalPatch Extension Phil Hurvitz Avian Conservation Lab Meeting 8. March. 2002

  2. Overview • Landscape Ecology • Landscape Configuration • Landscape Ecology Metrics • Fragstats • Focal Functions in GIS • The FocalPatch Extension • Patch Metrics and Utilization Distributions • Fragstats Revisited

  3. Overview • Landscape Ecology • Landscape Configuration • Landscape Ecology Metrics • Fragstats • Focal Functions in GIS • The FocalPatch Extension • Patch Metrics and Utilization Distributions • Fragstats Revisited

  4. Landscape Ecology • Background Landscape ecology emphasizes the interaction between spatial pattern and ecological process -- that is, the causes and consequences of spatial heterogeneity across a range of scales.  Two important aspects of landscape ecology distinguish it from other subdisciplines within ecology.  First, landscape ecology explicitly addresses the importance of spatial configuration for ecological processes.  Not only is landscape ecology concerned with how much there is of a particular component but also with how it is arranged.  Second,landscape ecology often focuses upon spatial extents that are much larger than those traditionally studied in ecology. Landscape ecology offers new concepts, theory and methods that are revealing the importance of spatial patterning on the dynamics of interacting ecosystems. http://ravel.zoology.wisc.edu/mgt/ (Monica G. Turner)

  5. Landscape Ecology • Background, continued • Effect of spatial configuration on ecological process • Ecological process across large spatial scale • GIS must be a central (tool = language = environment) for investigation of landscape ecology issues

  6. Overview • Landscape Ecology • Landscape Configuration • Landscape Ecology Metrics • Fragstats • Focal Functions in GIS • The FocalPatch Extension • Patch Metrics and Utilization Distributions • Fragstats Revisited

  7. near Hanford east of Seattle Yakima area (images from Terraserver) Landscape Configuration • Varying configurations occur in both managed and unmanaged areas

  8. Landscape Configuration • Different configurations can have very different effects on ecological function • Movement of plants & animals (enhancement or inhibition) • Edge/interior effects, isolation

  9. Landscape Configuration • Understanding landscape configuration and composition is a central problem in management of ecosystems • Loss or maintenance of “natural” (“sustainable”?) ecological functionality • Configuration and composition affect ecological processes

  10. (image from Fragstats manual) Landscape Configuration • Varying scale of landscape configuration can have varying effects on different species

  11. Overview • Landscape Ecology • Landscape Configuration • Landscape Ecology Metrics • Fragstats • Focal Functions in GIS • The FocalPatch Extension • Patch Metrics and Utilization Distributions • Fragstats Revisited

  12. Landscape Ecology Metrics • Patterns and differences are immediately recognized by the eye + brain • Landscape Ecology Metrics allow these patterns in space to be described quantitatively

  13. Landscape Ecology Metrics • Quantification of patch configuration on the landscape • Central quantitative basis for much analysis & understanding in Landscape Ecology • Attempt to quantify either individual patches, classes, or the entire landscape • Assess continuity, contiguity, or fragmentation of landscape elements

  14. Overview • Landscape Ecology • Landscape Configuration • Landscape Ecology Metrics • Fragstats • Focal Functions in GIS • The FocalPatch Extension • Patch Metrics and Utilization Distributions • Fragstats Revisited

  15. Fragstats • Developed by Kevin McGarigal & Barbara Marks, OSU 1994 • Computer program for calculating a number of patch, class, and landscape ecology metrics • Integrated with ESRI GIS • fragstats.aml from McGarigal & Marks • ArcView Extension Patch Analyst (Rob Rempel)

  16. Fragstats L.E. Metrics: Classes • Area • Patch density, patch size & variability • Edge • Shape • Core area • Nearest neighbor • Diversity • Contagion & interspersion

  17. (image from Fragstats manual) Fragstats • Patch metrics

  18. (image from Fragstats manual) Fragstats • Class metrics

  19. (image from Fragstats manual) Fragstats • Landscape metrics

  20. Landscape Similarity Index (LSIM) For each patch type, LSIM is the proportion (percentage) of the landscape in that class Indicates the relative dominance of each different class Fragstats L.E. Metrics: Examples

  21. Edge Contrast Index (EDGECON) Edge contrast values [0, 1] are specified for each combination of patch types EDGECON is the sum of (patch perimeters * edge contrast values) Indicates a “weighted” perimeter Fragstats L.E. Metrics: Examples

  22. Fractal Dimension Indication of the convolution of shape for each patch R: 1 £ FRACT £ 2 Approaches 1 for simple shapes (circle, square) Approaches 2 for highly convoluted shapes Fragstats L.E. Metrics: Examples

  23. Overview • Landscape Ecology • Landscape Configuration • Landscape Ecology Metrics • Fragstats • Focal Functions in GIS • The FocalPatch Extension • Patch Metrics and Utilization Distributions • Fragstats Revisited

  24. Focal Functions in GIS • Processing occurs on a central cell in conjunction with the values associated in its neighborhood • “Moving window” • “Kernel”

  25. Example of the focal mean function Focal Functions in GIS

  26. Focal Functions in GIS • ArcInfo & ArcViewfocal functionsare all “basic”statistical

  27. Overview • Landscape Ecology • Landscape Configuration • Landscape Ecology Metrics • Fragstats • Focal Functions in GIS • The FocalPatch Extension • Patch Metrics and Utilization Distributions • Fragstats Revisited

  28. FocalPatch Extension • Application of focal processing on land cover grids • Instead of using ArcInfo focal statistics, calculates Fragstats Landscape Ecology metrics on a focal basis

  29. FocalPatch Extension • New ArcView 3.x extension

  30. FocalPatch Extension • Creates point features

  31. FocalPatch Extension • Creates CWED file

  32. FocalPatch Extension • Runs on points

  33. FocalPatch Extension

  34. FocalPatch Extension • Output files

  35. FocalPatch Extension • On a cell-by-cell basis • Creates a point feature at the cell center • Extracts the region in a user-specified radius around the point • Calculates landscape metrics for that circle • Places metrics back into point attribute table

  36. FocalPatch Extension • Extract circle from habitat grid at user-defined radius

  37. Rempel’s batch script Rempel’s interface FocalPatch Extension • Calculate landscape metrics

  38. FocalPatch Extension • Calculateslandscape metrics • Values represent the landscape metrics for the focal region around the central cell

  39. FocalPatch Extension • Points can be used for interpolation of surfaces • Surfaces can represent any of the landscape metrics

  40. Overview • Landscape Ecology • Landscape Configuration • Landscape Ecology Metrics • Fragstats • Focal Functions in GIS • The FocalPatch Extension • Patch Metrics and Utilization Distributions • Fragstats Revisited

  41. Patch Metrics and Utilization Distributions • Some animal species respond to large regions of landscapes • Typical animal-landscape relationships are explored either by point processes or by land cover types • Is there a relationship between landscape metrics and actual animal usage of landscape? • Which landscape characteristics do animals respond to ?

  42. utilization distribution (UD) limit processing to UD Patch Metrics and Utilization Distributions

  43. utilization distribution contrast-weighted edge surface Patch Metrics and Utilization Distributions

  44. Patch Metrics and Utilization Distributions • Regression techniques will be used to determine strength of relationship between utilization and landscape metrics • Multiple regression • Raster regression within GRID

  45. Overview • Landscape Ecology • Landscape Configuration • Landscape Ecology Metrics • Fragstats • Focal Functions in GIS • The FocalPatch Extension • Patch Metrics and Utilization Distributions • Fragstats Revisited

  46. Fragstats Revisited • Version 3 of Fragstats: “ Analysis Type.–Chose between “standard” and “moving window” Moving Window.--If moving window mode is selected, then FRAGSTATS will conduct a moving window analysis and output a separate grid for each metric selected.”

  47. Fragstats Revisited • Does Fragstats v.3 actuallyperform moving window analysis?

  48. Final Question • Given that Fragstats v.3 might perform focal analysis of landscape data, is it worth it to continue development of an ArcView 3.X interface for focal Fragstats analysis? • What are the benefits of having this within the ArcView environment? • Can this be considered original work?

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