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CLASSIFICATION OF LIFE

CLASSIFICATION OF LIFE. Terms To Know Prokaryote : Simple cells that have no nucleus Eukaryote : Complex cells, with a nucleus and many organelles Unicellular : Organisms made of one cell Multicellular : Organisms made of two or more cells Autotroph :

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CLASSIFICATION OF LIFE

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  1. CLASSIFICATION OF LIFE Terms To Know • Prokaryote: • Simple cells that have no nucleus • Eukaryote: • Complex cells, with a nucleus and many organelles • Unicellular: • Organisms made of one cell • Multicellular: • Organisms made of two or more cells • Autotroph: • Producers who make their own food • Heterotroph: • Consumers who get energy from other sources besides themselves

  2. 3 Domains, 6 Kingdoms

  3. Taxonomy:The science of identifying and classifying into related groupsTaxon: a group

  4. Taxa

  5. Binomial Nomenclature • A two-word scientific name assigned to every species • Assigned by the Genus species • Examples: • Homo sapiens • Acer rubrum • Pantheratigris Genus is always capitalized, species is lower case

  6. 3 Domains, 6 Kingdoms

  7. Bacteria • All of the unicellular prokaryotes • Can be autotrophic or heterotrophic • Examples: Streptococcus, E-Coli, Cyanobacteria

  8. Eubacteria vs. Archaebacteria(2 separate domains and kingdoms) • Eubacteria • Contain most types of bacteria • Found in nearly all conditions • Archaebacteria • Found in unusual conditions: volcanic vents and hot springs • Have unusual lipids in their cell membranes

  9. E-Coli (Eubacteria)

  10. Streptococcus pyogenes (Strep Throat) Eubacteria

  11. Kingdom Protista • Typically unicellular • Many of the exceptions to the rules • You’ll know it’s a Protista if it doesn’t fit any other category  • Cell walls in some, some have chloroplasts • Most unicellular, some multi-cellular • Autotroph or heterotroph

  12. Amoeba

  13. Paramecium

  14. Slime Molds

  15. Kingdom Fungi • Heterotrophs with cell walls • Most are multi-cellular (mushrooms) but some are unicellular (yeast)

  16. Mushrooms

  17. Club Fungi

  18. Kingdom Plantae • Multicellular autotrophs with cell walls

  19. Mosses

  20. Ferns

  21. Flowering Plants

  22. Trees

  23. Kingdom Animalia • Multicellular heterotrophs with no cell walls

  24. Coral

  25. Insects

  26. Fish

  27. Birds

  28. Amphibians and Reptiles

  29. Mammals

  30. Viruses • Viruses are not listed because viruses are not living! • Viruses are a piece of DNA or RNA contained by protein; they are not cells. • Viruses require a cell from one of the kingdoms above to reproduce.

  31. Representing Evolutionary Relationships: Phylogenetic Tree: • Scientific tree showing evolutionary history - shows relationships thought to exist between groups or organisms

  32. Representing Evolutionary Relationships: Cladogram: • Uses shared derived traits • Derived traits indicate divergence from a common ancestor

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