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Media Problems

Media Problems. Media – production & broadcasting of radio, television, motion pictures, movie theatres, music companies, newspaper, magazines, books & internet services that influence people & cultures worldwide

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Media Problems

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  1. Media Problems • Media – production & broadcasting of radio, television, motion pictures, movie theatres, music companies, newspaper, magazines, books & internet services that influence people & cultures worldwide • The average US person spends ½ of their awake time in some media related activity, more than any other activity

  2. Media Problems • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_wide_web • Media concentration refers to the tendency of the media industries to cluster together in groups with the goal of enhancing profitability • See figure 14.1 on page 308

  3. Media Problems Corporate megamergers have the changed the media in these ways: • Concentration of ownership within one industry – 10 chains represent more than 51% of the newspapers in the US • Cross-media ownership – media companies own more than one type of media property

  4. Media Problems • Conglomerate ownership – a single corporation owns companies that operate in different business sectors. GE owns NBC Television Network http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conglomerate_%28company%29 • Vertical integration – the corporations control the media content

  5. Media Problems • The media industry makes $$ - see table 14.2 on page 310 • As of 2006, the cost of a 30-second commercial on average is $2.5 million for the Super Bowl – now a cultural phenomena • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Idol

  6. Media Problems Six major media conglomerates worldwide • AOL Time Warner • Sony • Viacom • Disney • Bertelsmann • News Corporation http://www.newscorp.com/

  7. Media Problems • Framing – the manner in which news content & its accompanying visual images are linked together to create certain audience perception & give specific impressions to viewers & readers (this is sometime called “spin”) http://www.billoreilly.com/http://www.billoreilly.com/ http://www.mediafamily.org/facts/facts_vlent.shtml

  8. Media Problems • Cathartic effect hypothesis – media offer a vicarious outlet for feelings of aggression & may reduce the amount of violence

  9. Media Problems Racial/ethnic stereotyping in the media – • Perpetuating images that appear to be positive in nature & flattering (model minority) • Exaggerating the physical appearance or suggesting that people “look alike” • Creating characters who have undesirable attributes/attitudes • Using statements & images that link groups to illegal actions

  10. Media Problems Gender stereotyping – • Connecting gender & age bias – older men & younger women are linked together • Perpetuating traditional roles • Maintaining cultural stereotypes of feminism • Impulsive conduct by women holding professional positions (sex & the city)

  11. Media Problems • Women in positions of power abusing their positions http://www.judgejudy.com/home/home.asp • Women overwhelmed by their work – unable to competently handle work, family, marriage – being forced to make choices

  12. Media Problems Symbolic Interactionist Perspective: • Hypodermic needle theory – people are passive & equally susceptible • Theory of limited effects – media has minimal effects on the attitudes & perceptions of individuals

  13. Media Problems • Use & gratification theory – making conscious decisions about what to entertain themselves with but are aware that media has limitations • Social learning theory – people are likely to act out the behavior they see in role models & media sources http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ry5_cVcZxZw

  14. Media Problems • Audience relations approach – people use their own cultural understandings to interpret what they hear & see in the media

  15. Media Problems Functionalist perspective – • Media provide news & information • Media facilitates public discourse regarding social issues & policies • Media passes on cultural traditions and historical perspectives • Media is a source of entertainment • Media confers status on people/groups

  16. Media Problems • Functionalists believe that the media is dysfunctional when they contribute to a reduction in social stability or weaken social institutions

  17. Media Problems Conflict perspective – • The capitalist class owns & controls the media with the purpose of instructing people in the values, beliefs & attitudes that they should have • Hegemony theory – the media is used for social control by the ruling class to create false consciousness in the working class (the idea of feeling in control when not)

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