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Mitigation of Pollution in Nursery Runoff

Mitigation of Pollution in Nursery Runoff J.N. Kabashima, Darren Haver, Jay Gan, and L. Wu Mitigating Pollutants in Nursery Runoff Water Proactive Participate in the process Get involved individually and as part of an industry group or association. Have data before you need it.

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Mitigation of Pollution in Nursery Runoff

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  1. Mitigation of Pollution in Nursery Runoff J.N. Kabashima, Darren Haver, Jay Gan, and L. Wu

  2. Mitigating Pollutants in Nursery Runoff Water • Proactive • Participate in the process • Get involved individually and as part of an industry group or association. • Have data before you need it. • Help develop solutions and regulations. • Identify and seek sources of information and expertise. • Reactive • Try to figure out how to comply with regulations and or litigation.

  3. Mitigating Pollutants in Nursery Runoff Water • Conduct a Self-Assessment Runoff and NPS Self-Assessment • http://cesandiego.ucdavis.edu/Clean%5FWater/ • Identify Management options Management Options for NPS Pollution • http://ucce.ucdavis.edu/files/filelibrary/2017/10391.pdf • Document Efforts Water Quality Record Keeping • http://ucce.ucdavis.edu/files/filelibrary/2017/8453.PDF

  4. Self-Assessment • Property Management • Road Management • Irrigation Practices • Leaching & Runoff • Nutrient Assessment & Fertilizer Management • Integrated Pest Management

  5. Management Options for NPS Pollution Greenhouse and Container Crop Industries • Irrigation Management and Water Quality • Nutrients • Integrated Pest Management (IPM)

  6. Water Quality Record Keeping • Sites Mats and Emergency Information • Hazardous Materials • Sanitation & Waste Management • Pesticide Use • Fertilizer Use • Irrigation Practices & Runoff Management • Equipment Maintenance • Best Management Practices/Mgmt Options • Employee Training =/Education • Reports, Data, & Other Information

  7. Irrigation Management and Water Quality • Monitor Water Quality • Maximize Irrigation Efficiency • Irrigation Scheduling • Select Appropriate Growing Medium • Consider the Use of Wetting Agents • Reduce Leaching • Publications on New Technologies • Continuing Education • Collect, Treat and Recycle Open Runoff/Tailwater Recovery • Collect Runoff from Outdoor Production Areas

  8. Irrigation Management and Water Quality • Collect Runoff from Field Drains and Non-Concrete Floors • Further Aspects of Reusing Water • Erosion/Drainage Control & Water Conservation • Water Conservation • Management Practices • Excess Water Removal • Pathogen Detection and Control • Cost-sharing • Municipal Treatment Plants

  9. Irrigation Management and Water Quality • Maximize Irrigation Efficiency • Irrigation Scheduling • Select Appropriate Growing Medium • Consider the Use of Wetting Agents • Collect, Treat and Recycle Open Runoff/Tailwater Recovery • Pathogen Detection and Control • Continuing Education

  10. Irrigation Management and Water Quality Maximize Irrigation Efficiency Irrigation Scheduling

  11. Irrigation Management and Water Quality Select Appropriate Growing Medium Consider the Use of Wetting Agents

  12. Irrigation Management and Water Quality Collect, Treat and Recycle Open Runoff/Tailwater Recovery Pathogen Detection and Control

  13. Irrigation Management and Water Quality Continuing Education

  14. Outline – El Modeno Gardens Case Study • How does it happen? • Self-Assessment • What type of mitigation practices can be implemented? • Management Practices

  15. How Does It Happen? • Irrigation (carrier) • Planting Media (source) Runoff + planting media = pesticide runoff?

  16. Irrigation

  17. Planting Media

  18. Nursery Runoff Runoff!

  19. Step 1: Scrap off surface soil Step 2: Estimate potting mix content Step 3: Analyze pesticides Step 4: Correlation

  20. Bifenthrin (Talstar) in Spilled Potting Mix

  21. Potting Mix Spills

  22. Mitigation Practices • Reduce Irrigation Runoff • On-site solid removal: • PAM • In-line sediment trap • Collection pond • Vegetative filtration • Adsorptive filters • Capture and Recycle Runoff • Treat recaptured water

  23. Adsorption DOC Adsorbed DOC DOC DOC DOC-complex DOC DOC- DOC DOC DOC Dissolved

  24. “Muddy” Runoff

  25. PAM Tablets Sediment Trap Sediment Pond 0 m Production Area Vegetative Filter Adsorptive filter 104 m 145 m 166 m 187 m 210 m Adsorptive filter 240 m 262 m (reservoir or exit)

  26. Nursery Runoff Mitigation PAM Delivery Sediment Trap Surface Runoff Sediment Pond Influent Sampling Point Vegetative Filter Baffle system Concrete Channel Storm Overflow Sediment Basin Charcoal/fiber filters

  27. PAM (Polyacrylamides) • Charged (anionic) linear chain polymer with a high molecular weight. • Granular, liquid, or tablet. • Reduces the movement of soil particles as well as associated chemicals (some pesticides and nutrients).

  28. No PAM Treatment PAM Treatment

  29. Sediment Trap • Effective in slowing flow and dropping out sediment. • Easy to remove deposited sediment. • Most effective when flow is slow and slope is less than 5%. • Can be utilized when space is limited.

  30. Sediment Pond • Slows the movement of water entering channel. • Allows for the further settling of soil particles. • Temporary holding basin under low flow conditions.

  31. Vegetative Filter • Traps sediment and reduces volume of runoff. • Canna x ‘Tropicanna’ – propagation • Removes pesticides by trapping sediment as well as providing a beneficial environment for decomposition. • Most effective when flow rate is slow allowing for evapotranspiration to reduce overall flow.

  32. Suspended Solids in Runoff (mg/L)(May 2002) Sediment trap Pond Canna lilies strip Exit

  33. Bifenthrin in Runoff (ppb)(May 2002) 92% Sediment trap Pond Canna lilies strip Exit

  34. Permethrin in Runoff (ppb)(May 2002) 95% Sediment trap Pond Canna lilies strip Exit

  35. Suspended Solids in runoff (mg/L)(June 2002) Sediment trap Pond Canna lilies strip Exit

  36. Bifenthrin in Runoff (ppb)(June 2002) 91% Sediment trap Canna lilies strip Exit Pond

  37. Permethrin in Runoff (ppb)(June 2002) 100% Sediment trap Pond Canna lilies strip Exit

  38. Adsorptive Filters • Physical filtration • Adsorptive removal • Feasibility?

  39. Fiber/Activated Charcoal Filters

  40. Effectiveness of Filters (1 day after) Trap Pond Filter #1 Filter #2

  41. Effectiveness of Filters (1 week after) Trap Pond Filter #1 Filter #2

  42. Disadvantages Behavior unknown Concentrated use Multiple pesticides with varying properties Advantages Semi-point source “Mitigatable” (small) runoff Growers’ support Review • What else? • Storm runoff conditions? • How clean is clean?

  43. Acknowledgement California Department of Food & Agriculture California Department of Pesticide Regulation California SWRCB Santa Ana RWQCB El Modeno Gardens Nursery FMC Inc. UC Water Resources Center

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