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THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION

THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION. CALVINISM TEARING DOWN THE ROMAN EMPIRE. THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION. Revolution in religious thought & practice. Challenged established authority & secured triumph of secular power. Shaped identities & changed map of Europe.

Samuel
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THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION

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  1. THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION CALVINISM TEARING DOWN THE ROMAN EMPIRE

  2. THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION Revolution in religious thought & practice • Challenged established authority & secured triumph of secular power • Shaped identities & changed map of Europe • Contributed to centuries of violent conflict • Contributed to ascendancy of individualism

  3. THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION Continuing crisis of the Church • Growing popular dissatisfaction • too much emphasis on ritual • increasing secularization • wealth, corruption, abuse Caricature of Pope Alexander VI

  4. THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION Continuing crisis of the Church • Calls for reform • John Wycliffe • Jan Hus • Erasmus Jan Hus, burnt at stake Jan Hus John Wycliffe Erasmus

  5. THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION Continuing crisis of the Church • Personal & spiritual crises • rejection of formal ritual & doctrine • emphasis on personal salvation

  6. THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION MARTIN LUTHER (1483-1546) • “Justification by Faith Alone” • good works = evidence of grace, not cause • JOHANNES TETZEL • selling indulgences - 1517 • authorized by Pope

  7. THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION MARTIN LUTHER (1483-1546) • Ninety-Five Theses (1517) • condemned selling of indulgences • only inner grace & faith guaranteed salvation • denied papal authority over faith Luther nails Ninety-Five Theses to Wittenburg Castle, Oct. 31, 1517

  8. THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION MARTIN LUTHER (1483-1546) • Revised Christian doctrine • clergy no different than rest • rejected belief in purgatory • reduced 7 sacraments to 2: baptism & communion • called for end of monasteries The balance: The Church v. the Bible

  9. THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION LUTHERANISM • Quickly spread through Germany • Led to political, economic & social upheaval • rulers used it as pretense to attack neighbors • peasants used it as pretense to revolt against overlords • led to extreme religious movements & zealotry German Peasants’ Revolt, 1524

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