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CD, DVD and Sound cards

CD, DVD and Sound cards CD drives Overview optical drive: laser shines on disc and transition from land to pit. pits and bumps : less reflection (.12microns deep and .06 microns wide). spiral: (3 miles long, over 2 billion pits) Types CD-ROM : read only (metallic film with real pits)

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CD, DVD and Sound cards

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  1. CD, DVD and Sound cards

  2. CD drives • Overview • optical drive: laser shines on disc and transition from land to pit. • pits and bumps: less reflection (.12microns deep and .06 microns wide). • spiral: (3 miles long, over 2 billion pits) • Types • CD-ROM : read only (metallic film with real pits) • CD-R :write once (heats the metal and dye together) • CD-RW: up to 1,000 times (alloy changes with heat) • Capacities:650 and 700 MB • Speeds: 24 x = 3,600 KBps, 52x = 7,800 KBps

  3. DVD drives • Overview • also an optical drive • higher capacity than CDs • up to 133 minutes of video • data capacity: • DVD-5, single-sided, single-layered, 4.7 GB • DVD-9, single-sided, double-layered, 8.5 GB • DVD-10, double-sided, single-layered, 9.4 GB • DVD-18, double-sided, double-layered, 17 GB • Types • DVR-R - read only, 4.7 GB • DVR-RW - 1,000 times, 4.7 GB, work in DVD players • DVD+RW - other format, becoming predominant • DVD+RW - both formats DVD-RAM?

  4. CD and DVD • Interfaces • EIDE (ATAPI) • enable DMA in controller • BIOS configuration, jumpers • connect to sound card • SATA, SCSI, USB • Recording CDs and DVDs • File systems • ISO 9660 Level 1 - old, 8.3 format • ISO 9660 Level 2 - file names up to 30 • Joliet - extension of ISO, up to 64, multisession • Mount Rainer - in XP , drive needs to support

  5. CD and DVD • Recording CDs and DVDs • Windows vs.third-party • Multisession writing - write in more than one session • making data CDs/DVDs bootable • Finalizing - closing the disc, can only be read after this • buffer underrun: recording CD/DVD faster than source • remember the alphabet soup for media types • More on burning CDs/DVDs • New standard for DVDs • HD DVD vs. Blu-ray • Installing CDs/DVDs

  6. Sound cards • Basic sound concepts • What is sound? Measuring sounds: decibel (dB) • sampling rates and human hearing (20 Hz to 20 kHz) • digital audio: DAC converters, PCM • sampling rate: signal measured many times per second • sampling rate: at least twice as the highest frequency • 44.1 kHz: CD quality • 22.05 kHz radio quality • 11.025 kHz telephone quality • amplitude • 8 bits => 48 dB, 256 values for each sample • 16 bits => 96 dB (CDs use it), 64K values for each sample • 24 bits => 144 dB (pain threshold 125 dB), 16.8 million values

  7. Sound cards • Audio formats • basic types: aiff, au, wav, qt, ra, wma, mp3 • audio codec and audio compression: lossy (11:1) and lossless (2:1). • Uncompressed sound files size (1 minute) • 44kHz 16 bits => 10 MB • 44kHz 24 bits => 33 MB • Compressed using MP3 : 4 minutes => 4 MB (one song) • Sound players • Microsoft media player • Real player • QuickTime player

  8. Sound cards • Sound card basics • overview : DAC, DSP, memory, ROM (wavetable), I/O • specifications: • ISA or PCI cards: 8, 16, 24 bits for each sampling • voices: multiple notes, from 32 to 64 voices • FM and wavetable: hardware and software support • Total Harmonic Distortion (THD): % , as low as .004% • Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR): in dB, cassette 60 dB, CD 100dB • Input and output connections: CD, microphone, speaker(s), MIDI, S/PDIF, FireWire, USB, TAD • Installing and upgrading • a tutorial • Sound cards future? • X-Fi or motherboard

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