Primate Interactions: Polyspecific Associations

Slide 1:Primate Interactions: Polyspecific Associations

Slide 2:Definition Dispersing individuals Groups of two or more species Permanent or moderate association

Slide 3:Considerations�. Is it random? Is it mutually beneficial? Does it only benefit one party but not the other (neutral = commensalism)? Does it benefit one party and influence the other party negatively? (Parasitism)

Slide 4:Benefits

Slide 5:model

Slide 6:Examples Dispersing anecdotes Guenons (Africa) New World Primates- Manu, Peru (see Ch 8- Terborgh reading in coursepak).

Slide 7:Cebus and Saimiri

Slide 8:Type of Association Positive for Squirrel monkey, slightly negative for Capuchin Moderate association, seasonal

Slide 9:Leadership

Slide 10:Graph from Table 8.1 (article) - values are percents of both Cebus categories

Slide 11:Leadership? Capuchins more influential regarding group movements But Squirrel monkeys more actively try to maintain relationship with groups.

Slide 12:What happens when alone? Squirrel monkeys change behavior significantly more than capuchines when alone. Travel further, faster Seemed to actively seek other capuchin groups Influence each other�s travel when together (graph next page).

Slide 13:Travel data (Table 8.2)

Slide 14:Who initiates contact? Squirrel monkeys seem to actively seek out Capuchin groups. Capuchin don�t make any vocal sounds when squirrel monkeys come and go. Squirrel monkeys are with capuchins more than capuchins with squirrel monkeys (see table 8.3).

Slide 15:Seasonal- Table 8.3 reworked

Slide 17:Benefits- Foraging FRUIT Squirrel monkeys learn where fruit trees are (but don�t leave?) Exploit fruit/nuts of Scheelea Insect feeding Improve insect flushing (not really�)

Slide 18:Summary Squirrel monkeys benefit� Predator warning Access to Scheelea nuts Learn fruit source location (esp.when scarce) Capuchin Negative- increased travel Lose fruit perhaps Possible selfish herd

Slide 19:Tamarins Saddle-backed

Slide 20:General comments Permanent associations Territorial Emperor Tamarins dominant to saddle-backed Not always coordinated but keep in contact with each other vocally.

Slide 21:Leadership (table 8.4)

Slide 22:General notes Both may travel more when alone. Predation- not clear benefits because separated when feeding often. Foraging- not clear (overlap)

Slide 23:Territorial disputes

Slide 24:Territorial benefits? Larger groups can actively displace smaller ones from resources.

Slide 26:Patterns of association

Slide 27:Forest differences?? Less overlap in diet between species Less likely to use the other for information Lower predation? Presence of other species (mangabeys, baboons, red colobus) Lower density of animals More overlap in diet, use each other for information More predation? Lower density of animals

Slide 28:Benefits and costs Possible predator detection at Kakamanga (larger groups at Kibale) Red-tails gain knowledge of food sources from blue monkeys at Kakamanga. BUT red-tails do get chased. Both species travel further when in association.