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AIR LAW

AIR LAW. www.lrn.dk/arnop.htm. ARNOP Flight Dispatch course. The Chicago Convention. The Chicago Convention , established the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), a specialized agency of the United Nations charged with coordinating and regulating international air

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AIR LAW

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  1. AIR LAW www.lrn.dk/arnop.htm ARNOP Flight Dispatch course

  2. The Chicago Convention The Chicago Convention, established the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), a specialized agency of the United Nations charged with coordinating and regulating international air travel. The convention establishes rules of airspace, airplane registration and safety, and details the rights of the signatories in relation to air travel. It was signed on 7 December 1944. These Five Freedoms of the Air are: Freedom of peaceful transit. Freedom of non-traffic stop (to refuel, repair, or refuge). Freedom to take traffic from the homeland to any country. Freedom to bring traffic from any country to the homeland. Freedom to pick up and discharge traffic at intermediate points. ARNOP Flight Dispatch course

  3. The Tokyo Convention The Tokyo Convention on Offenses and Certain Other Acts Committed on Board Aircraft (1963) and the Hague Convention for Unlawful Seizure of Aircraft (1970) recognize that states have the right and even the duty of jurisdiction with respect to any crime committed upon aircraft bearing its national character. ARNOP Flight Dispatch course

  4. ICAO One of ICAO's chief activities is standardization, the establishment of International Standards, Recommended Practices and Procedures globally. After a Standard is adopted it is put into effect by each ICAO Contracting State in its own territories. (Approx 180 countries). ARNOP Flight Dispatch course

  5. ICAO publications The ICAO Bulletin Annexes to the Convention Procedures for Air Navigation Services(PANS) Supplementtary Procedures ICAO Circulars ARNOP Flight Dispatch course

  6. ICAO annexes Annex 2 - Rules of the Air Annex 3 - Meteorological Service for Int'l Air Nav Annex 6 - Operation of Aircraft Annex 11 - Air Traffic Services Annex 14 – Aerodromes Annex 15 - Aeronautical Information Services Annexes 2, 5, 7 & 8 contain international standards and no recommended practices (RPs).The remaining 14 Annexes contain both. States are required to give notification of differences to standards, and States are invited to notify differences from Recommended Practices in Annexes; these are listed in Supplements to the Annexes. ARNOP Flight Dispatch course

  7. ICAO documents ICAO DOC 4444 RAC Rules of the Air ICAO DOC 7030 Regional Supplementary Procedures ICAO DOC 8168 Part I Flight Procedures ICAO DOC 8400 ICAO Abbreviations and Codes ICAO DOC 8643 Aircraft Type Designators ARNOP Flight Dispatch course

  8. PANS Procedures for Air Navigation Services Operational procedures to have uniform application of certain operational procedures for safe and efficient air navigation ARNOP Flight Dispatch course

  9. SARPS Standards and Recommended Practices ICAO SARPS (Standards and Recommended Practices) giving the standards expected and recommendations encouraged are contained in 18 Annexes. ARNOP Flight Dispatch course

  10. JAA Joint Aviation Authorities (JAA) er en sammenslutning af europæiske luftfartsmyndigheder. I JAA er der ved et frivilligt samarbejde vedtaget bestemmelser "Joint Aviation Requirements" (JAR), der harmoniserer standarder for bl.a. godkendelser og certificering af luftfartspersonale, luftfartøjer og luftfartsselskaber. JAA ophørte i 2004 med at varetage opgaver i relation til luftdygtighed, som en konsekvens af etableringen af EASA. I 2005 blev det besluttet, at JAA den 1. januar 2007 skal ophøre med sine aktiviteter vedrørende operationelle spørgsmål og i relation til certifikater til personer, idet disse opgaver overtages af EASA. Herefter vil JAA varetage et uddannelseskontor og kontakten til de medlemslande af JAA, som ikke er medlemmer af EU. ARNOP Flight Dispatch course

  11. JAA ARNOP Flight Dispatch course

  12. EASA European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) I juli 2002 vedtog EU forordningen om fælles regler for civil luftfart og om oprettelsen af et europæisk luftfartssikkerhedsagentur, den såkaldte EASA forordning. European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA), vil helt skulle afløse det hidtidige europæiske samarbejde for fastsættelse af regler, procedurer mv. for sikkerhedsregulering i JAA (Joint Aviation Authorities). Det sker bl.a. med henblik på at få en mere slagkraftig ordning, der baserer sig på en kombination af JAA’s velfungerende, men når det kom til implementeringen, frivillige samarbejde og EU’s mulighed for at fastsætte lovgivning, der er gældende for alle medlemslande. EASA blev formelt oprettet den 28. september 2003, og SLV vil aktivt deltage i den nye organisations forberedende regelarbejde og derved få mulighed for at præge indholdet af de fælles regler. ARNOP Flight Dispatch course

  13. EASA ARNOP Flight Dispatch course

  14. EU OPS This referes to European Community regulations specifying minimum safety and related procedures for commercial passenger and cargo fixed-wing aviation. The legislation is known officially as "Council Regulation (EEC) No 3922/91 on the harmonisation of technical requirements and administrative procedures in the field of civil aviation The regulations are derived from and very similar to JAR-OPS 1. JAR-OPS 1 has been replaced by EU OPS as of 16 July 2008, when OPS 1 becomes directly applicable law in all Member States.  ARNOP Flight Dispatch course

  15. EU OPS The regulations concern Training, Documentation, Procedures and Compliances in the following categories Operator certification and supervision Operational procedures All weather operations Performance general Performance class a Performance class b Performance class c Mass and balance Instruments and equipment Communication and navigation equipment Aeroplane maintenance Flight crew Cabin crew Manuals, logs and records Flight and duty time limitations and rest requirements Transport of dangerous goods by air Security s. 601 ARNOP Flight Dispatch course

  16. FAA Federal Aviation Administration The FAA is primarily responsible for the advancement, safety and regulation of civil aviation in the USA. ARNOP Flight Dispatch course

  17. EUROCONTROL is the European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation Eurocontrol This civil and military Organisation which currently numbers 38 Member States, has as its primary objective the development of a seamless, pan-European Air Traffic Management (ATM) system. ARNOP Flight Dispatch course

  18. LFV LFVs huvuduppgifter är att ansvara för drift och utveckling av:  statens flygplatser för civil luftfart  flygtrafiktjänst för civil och militär luftfart Det är LFVs flygtrafiktjänst som ansvarar för flygledningen, för flyginformation till piloterna, för navigationssystemen, för övervakning och kommunikation samt för flygvädertjänsten. Standarderne fastsættes globalt indenfor FNs internationale luftfartsorganisation ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organisation). I Europa er det dels JAA (Joint Aviation Authorities), og dels EU-agenturet EASA (European Aviation Safety Agency), som forestår arbejdet med harmonisering af de flyvesikkerhedsmæssige regler og standarder. EASA har til opgave at omsætte de eksisterende JAR-regler (Joint Aviation Requirements), vedtaget i JAA, til EU-forordninger, som bliver direkte bindende for borgerne i EU-landene. Desuden skal EASA udarbejde regler på de områder, der endnu ikke er omfattet af JAR-regler. ARNOP Flight Dispatch course

  19. STK ARNOP Flight Dispatch course

  20. AOC ARNOP Flight Dispatch course

  21. FOO license ARNOP Flight Dispatch course

  22. AERODROMES Annex 14 Aircraft vs runway load capacity ILS categories Runways ARNOP Flight Dispatch course

  23. OH ACN / PCN Airport pavement operations involves determining and controlling the aircraft loadings that can operate safely on the pavement without causing structural damage to either the aircraft or the pavement. Aircraft Classification Number and Pavement Classification Number ARNOP Flight Dispatch course

  24. ACN / PCN The ICAO PCN pavement strength reporting system involves publishing a five (5) part strength code in the form of 51/F/D/W/T for flexible pavements or 62/R/B/W/T for rigid concrete pavements. Briefly, the first number is the reported PCN value on a scale of 1 to about 130, with 1 representing a weak pavement and 130 a very strong pavement. The second part of the code is either an "F" for flexible pavement systems or "R" for rigid pavement systems. The third part is a letter code A, B, C, or D indicating the subgrade/bearing strength, with A representing a high supporting strength and D a very low strength. The fourth part indicates the tire pressure limitation in MPa if applicable (0.5 MPa in the example above) - "W" indicates that no tire pressure restriction is in effect. The fifth and final part of the PCN code indicates the evaluation method used to determine the pavement strength - "T" if derived from an engineering study or "U" if based on satisfactory aircraft usage. ARNOP Flight Dispatch course

  25. 8.1.5 p29 ILS categories CAT I Manual approach + maual flare + manual land CAT II Auto approach + manual flare + manual land CAT III A Auto approach + auto flare + auto land CAT III B Auto approach + auto flare + auto land + rollout CAT III C Auto approach + auto flare + auto land + rollout + taxi ARNOP Flight Dispatch course

  26. OPS INFO 9.3 and 9.4 and OM-A AOC ILS categories ARNOP Flight Dispatch course

  27. OPS INFO 9.3 and 9.4 and OM-A AOC ILS categories ARNOP Flight Dispatch course

  28. 8.1.3 p140 TakeOff Run Available, TORA: The length of the normal runway (excluding CWY and SWY). • Takeoff Distance Available, TODA: The length of the normal runway plus clearway. The included CWY distance must not exceed half TORA. • Accelerate-Stop Distance Available, ASDA: The length of the normal runway plus stopway. TORA / ASDA / TODA / LDA ARNOP Flight Dispatch course

  29. 8.3.1 p2 AIR TRAFFIC SERVICES A generic term meaning variously, flight information service, alerting service, air traffic advisory service or air traffic control service. s. 401 ARNOP Flight Dispatch course

  30. AIRSPACE The classifications adopted by ICAO are: Class A: All operations must be conducted under Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) and are subject to ATC clearances and instructions. ATC separation is provided to all aircraft. Class B: Operations may be conducted under IFR, Special visual flight rules (SVFR), or Visual flight rules (VFR). However, all aircraft are subject to ATC clearances and instructions. ATC separation is provided to all aircraft. Note: not all airports that are subject to class B airspace allows (SVFR) Special visual flight rules. Class C: Operations may be conducted under IFR, SVFR, or VFR; however, all aircraft are subject to ATC clearances and instructions. ATC separation is provided to all aircraft operating under IFR or SVFR and, as necessary, to any aircraft operating under VFR when any aircraft operating under IFR is involved. All VFR operations will be provided with safety alerts and, upon request, conflict resolution instructions. Class D: Operations may be conducted under IFR, SVFR, or VFR; however, all aircraft are subject to ATC clearances and instructions. ATC separation is provided to aircraft operating under IFR or SVFR only. All traffic will receive safety alerts and, on pilot request, conflict resolution instructions. Class E: Operations may be conducted under IFR, SVFR, or VFR. ATC separation is provided only to aircraft operating under IFR and SVFR within a surface area. As far as practical, ATC may provide safety alerts to aircraft operating under VFR. Class F: Operations may be conducted under IFR or VFR. ATC separation will be provided, so far as practical, to aircraft operating under IFR. Class G: Operations may be conducted under IFR or VFR. ATC separation is not provided. Classes A-E are referred to as controlled airspace. Classes F and G are uncontrolled airspace. s. 351 ARNOP Flight Dispatch course

  31. AIRSPACE s. 351 ARNOP Flight Dispatch course

  32. AIRSPACE ARNOP Flight Dispatch course

  33. FIR / UIR A Flight Information Region (FIR) is an airspace with specific dimensions, in which an information service and an alert service are provided. Any portion of the atmosphere belongs to some specific FIR which is serviced by a designated authority. The division among authorities is done through ICAO. In some cases there may exist a horizontal division of the FIR, in which case the lower portion remains named as such, whereas the airspace above is named Upper Information Region, or UIR. ARNOP Flight Dispatch course

  34. Control and Information areas Controlled airspace: The ATS will provide air traffic clearance within controlled airspace, establishing adequate traffic separation according to standard procedures. The PIC has the primary responsibility for terrain clearance. However, during radar vectoring en route or in connection with approach and departure procedures the responsibility for terrain clearance rests with ATC, although the PIC shall always monitor proper terrain clearance by means of available nav. aids. ARNOP Flight Dispatch course

  35. Control and Information areas Uncontrolled airspace - FIR: Within an FIR the ATS provides Flight Information Service – FIS – and establishes regulations regarding reporting procedures as well as altitude regulations. ATS should keep flights informed about all the relevant known IFR traffic. However, air traffic control clearances cannot be given, although some regions employ the same terminology as that used within controlled airspace. Flights within FIRs shall adhere to regulations published for such regions and maintain the flight levels as specified for the direction flown. The PIC is responsible for maintaining adequate separation from other traffic as well as ensuring adequate terrain clearance. ARNOP Flight Dispatch course

  36. Control and Information areas Uncontrolled airspace - AFIS: At some non-controlled aerodromes Aerodrome Flight Information Service (AFIS) is provided. The service is provided by an AFIS unit, the purpose of which is to supply significant information and in some cases suggestions to aircraft on known air traffic, meteorological conditions and aerodrome conditions. AFIS is provided to arriving and departing aircraft on the maneuvering area, or in the vicinity of the aerodrome ARNOP Flight Dispatch course

  37. ATS routes Lower airways normally up to FL245 and upper airways from FL245 to FL460 or higher. Airways with same name have the letter U in the upper sector. e.g. P605 in lower airspace and UP605 in upper airspace. An airway is a designated route in the air. Airways are laid-out between navigation aids such as VORs and NDB's or intersections. ARNOP Flight Dispatch course

  38. CDR / CRAM Not all airway segments are available at all times and to all aircraft. RAD (Route Availability Document) - quoting from the RAD introduction:The RAD is a sole-source-planning document that combines AIP Route Flow Restrictions with ATFM routeing requirements designed to make the most effective use of ATC capacity. The RAD is finalised during the ATFM strategic planning process organised by the EUROCONTROL Central Flow Management Unit (CFMU). CDR (Conditional routes) - Each state publishes in its AIP (Aeronautical Information Publication) the conditions under which some airway segments are made available or unavailable. Quoting from the EATCHIP ASM Handbook (Eurocontrol):A Conditional Route (CDR) is a non-permanent ATS route or a portion thereof which can be planned and used only under certain specified conditions. Such route segments are categorized into: CDR 1 - Permanently plannable CDR during the times published in AIPsAvailable most of the times, not available on specific conditions (e.g. activation of a military training zone) CDR 2 - Non-permanently plannable CDRAvailable on specific conditions such as facilitating traffic flow and increasing ATC capacity CDR 3 - Not plannable CDRAvailable on short notice, useable only on ATC instructions The availability (CDR2) or unavailability (CDR1) of routes is reported in the CRAM (Conditional Route Allocation Message), published daily by the Eurocontrol CFMU. ARNOP Flight Dispatch course

  39. CDR / CRAM ARNOP Flight Dispatch course

  40. P, D and R areas P = Prohibited Prohibited areas contain airspace of defined dimensions identified by an area on the surface of the earth within which the flight of aircraft is prohibited. D = Danger (Warning) A warning area is airspace of defined dimensions, that contains activity that may be hazardous to nonparticipating aircraft. R = Restricted Restricted areas contain airspace identified by an area on the surface of the earth within which the flight of aircraft, while not wholly prohibited, is subject to restrictions. ARNOP Flight Dispatch course

  41. ATIS Automatic Terminal Information Service, or ATIS, is a continuous broadcast of recorded noncontrol information in busier airports. ATIS broadcasts contain essential information, such as weather, active runway, and altimeter settings. Pilots usually listen to an available ATIS broadcast before contacting the local control tower, in order to reduce the controllers' workload and relieve frequency congestion. The recording is typically updated once an hour, and is generally given a letter designation (e.g. bravo). When contacting the control tower, a pilot will indicate he/she has "information bravo" to let the controller know that the information need not be repeated. ARNOP Flight Dispatch course

  42. AIS Annex 15 Aeronautical Information Services is the single authoritative government source for collecting, validating, storing, maintaining and disseminating aeronautical data to support real-time aviation activities. e.g. AIP information Notam information Filing of ATS plans ARNOP Flight Dispatch course

  43. AIP AERONAUTICAL INFORMATION PUBLICATION (AIP) - A publication issued by or with the authority of a State and containing aeronautical information of a lasting character essential to air navigation. http://www.slv.dk/Dokumenter Luftfartsinformation (AIS) ARNOP Flight Dispatch course

  44. AIRAC In short it defines that in all instances, information provided under the AIRAC system shall be published in paper copy form and shall be distributed by the AIS unit at least 42 days in advance of the effective date with the objective of reaching recipients at least 28 days in advance of the effective date. AIRAC stands for Aeronautical Information Regulation And Control and steps from the ICAOAnnex 15 - Aeronautical Information Services (AIS) document and defines a series of common dates and an associated standard aeronautical information publication procedure for States. ARNOP Flight Dispatch course

  45. NOTAM NOTICES TO AIRMEN Temporary flight information e.g. EKR39/BORRIS/SONDERLAND + EKR39/BORRIS SOENDERLAND ACTIVE GND-11900FT AMSL. 09JAN06 1000 - 09JAN06 2200 (EK/1/B0031/06) EKBI/BILLUND TWO CRANES ERECTED 600 METRES WEST OF THR RWY09 AND 325M SOUTH OF EXTENDED CL, MAXIMUM HEIGHT OF CRANES 25M AND BOTH ARE MARKED BY FLAG AND FLASHING RED LIGHT AT TOP. CRANES WILL BE OPERATED ON WORKDAYS 0700-1500 ONLY WHEN VIS 3000M OR ABOVE AND CEILING NOT LOWER THAN 800 FEET. WHEN NOT IN OPERATION CRANES WILL BE WHEELED OUTSIDE AND BELOW OBSTACLE CLEARANCE SURFACE. 05DEC05 1100 - 31MAR06 1500 (EK/1/A1060/05) Tabel and codes s. 31 ARNOP Flight Dispatch course

  46. NOTAM codes A1484/02 NOTAMNQ)EGTT/QITAS/IV/NBO/A/000/999/5129N00028W005A) EGLLB) 0208231540C) 0210310500 ESTE) RWY 09R ILS CAT II U/S) Tabel and codes s. 33 ARNOP Flight Dispatch course

  47. 3) TRAFFIC I = IFRV = VFRIV = IFR/VFR is of interest to both types of flights. 4) PURPOSE N = NOTAM selected for the immediate attention of aircraft operatorsB = NOTAM selected for PIB entryO = Operationally significant for IFR flightsM = Miscellaneous NOTAM; not subject for a briefing, but it is available on request. 5) SCOPE Aerodrome AEn-route ENav Warning W Annex 15 NOTAM codes ARNOP Flight Dispatch course

  48. LOCATION codes ARNOP Flight Dispatch course

  49. NOTAM Opgave 1 Decode below notam A0432/01 NOTAMR A0228/01 Q) LCCC/QOBCE/IV/M/AE/000/999/3452N03337E005 A) LCLK B) 0111121300 C) PERM E) NEW TOWER ERECTED TO NW OF THE AIRFIELD 421M FROM THE CENTERLINE OF RWY 04/22 AND 950M FROM THE THRESHOLD RWY04,40M HEIGHT,LIGHTED AIP AMDT TO FOLLOW) ARNOP Flight Dispatch course

  50. NOTAM Opgave 2 Decode below notam A0164/99 NOTAMR A0125/99 Q) LCCC/QMRLL/IV/NBO/A/000/999/ A) LCLK B) 9905250800 C) PERM E) RWY 04/22 WORKS COMPLETED. NEW DECLARED DISTANCES AVBL FOR OPERATIONS ARE: RWY 04 RWY 22 START ELEVATION (FT) 11 06 TORA (M) 2990 3050 ASDA (M) 3050 3050 TODA (M) 4240 3630 LDA (M) 2990 2810 SLOPE (PER CENT) -0.05 0.05 F) NIL G) NIL) ARNOP Flight Dispatch course

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