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CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM. Heart Anatomy. General . Closed System Blood Remains in Blood Vessels & Heart Double System Four Chambers (Separation of Oxygenated & Deoxygenated Blood) Heart is Double Organ: Pulmonary Circuit (Heart  Lungs  Heart)

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CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

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  1. CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM Heart Anatomy

  2. General • Closed System • Blood Remains in Blood Vessels & Heart • Double System • Four Chambers (Separation of Oxygenated & Deoxygenated Blood) • Heart is Double Organ: • Pulmonary Circuit (Heart  Lungs  Heart) • Systemic Circuit (Heart Body Tissues  Heart)

  3. Heart – Size & Location • Size: Adult Clenched Fist • Position: Mediastinum, 2/3 to Left of Midline • Relationships to Other Organs: • Medial to Lungs • Superior to Diaphragm • Anterior to Esophagus, Descending Aorta

  4. Heart - Chambers • Atria (2) • Superior Receiving Chambers (From Veins) • Auricles (ear-like flaps) • Right Atrium: • O2 Poor Blood From Venae Cavae & Coronary Sinus (Systemic Circ.) • Left Atrium: • O2 Rich Blood From Pulmonary Veins of Lungs

  5. Heart – Chambers continued • Ventricles (2) • Inferior Pumping Chambers (to Arteries) • Receive from Atria • Right Ventricle: • O2 Poor Blood from Rt Atrium to Pulmonary Arteries (Pulmonary Circ.) • Left Ventricle: • O2 Rich Blood from Left Atrium to Aorta (Systemic Circ.)

  6. Heart - Valves • One-Way, Direct Blood Flow • Passive; blood pushes them closed • 2 Pairs: • Atrioventricular (Cuspid) Valves • Between Atria & Ventricles • Tricuspid (Right) • Bicuspid (left)

  7. Atrioventricular Valves cont. • AV Valves are anchored to structures in the ventricles: • Chordae Tendineae • Strong, Fibrous Strings • Prevent Cusp Eversion • Papillary Muscle • Conical Extensions of Myocardium in Ventricles • Contract & pull on chordae tendinae

  8. Cusps AV (MITRAL) VALVES OPEN CLOSED

  9. Heart - Valves • Semilunar Valves • Between Ventricles & Arteries • Prevent blood from back flow into ventricles • Pulmonary Semilunar Valve (Right) • Aortic Semilunar Valve (Left)

  10. Cusps SEMILUNAR VALVES OPEN CLOSED

  11. Heart - Wall • 3 Layers: • Endocardium (Inner) • Endothelium • Lines Chambers, Valves, Septa, Blood Vessels • Myocardium (Middle) • Thickest Layer (Esp. in Left Ventricle!) • Cardiac Muscle Tissue • Inherent Rhythmicity • Trabeculae Carnae – Ridges, Folds & Bridges of Ventricular Myocardium

  12. Heart – Wall continued • Epicardium (Outer) • Visceral Pericardium • Serous Membrane • Thin, Fibrous, Transparent

  13. Heart - Septa • Internal Walls • Separate Chambers • 2 Septa: • Interatrial Septum (Between the Atria) • Interventricular Septum (Between the Ventricles)

  14. Heart – Pericardial Sac • Parietal Pericardium • Encloses Heart & Bases of Great Vessels • Composed of : • Inner Serous Coat/Serous Pericardium • Parietal & Visceral Pericardium • Both Secrete Lubricating Pericardial Fluid into • Pericardial Cavity (Space Between Serous Layers)

  15. Heart – Pericardial Sac continued • Outer Fibrous Coat • Tough, Protective • Reinforces Serous Coat

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