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Welcome to the Presentation on Safety, First Aid & Fire Fighting Equipment Linemen Training (C&D Employees) LINEMEN VER II
SAFETY Important Points In Safety • Safety of the self • Safety of the Co-workers. • Safety of the Public • Safety of the Company's property Before starting work, if the working condition seems to be unsafe or if there is confusion, matter should be got clarified and work taken up.
SAFETY Basic Elements / Safety Fundamentals: • Co-operation of all co-workers is essential to avoid accidents. • Unsafe worker is burden on the Company, as he may become the cause of accident to self as well as to others. • Use of incomplete or little knowledge is dangerous and may invite accident. • Accident is the result of unsafe working condition and unsafe work.
SAFETY Precautions to be taken while working on lines / equipment: • Every Electrical line / equipment should be switched off and line clear / permit taken before taking up the work. • It is essential to get authorized permit for working on lines/equipment. • If the line is under own authority, then self-permit is to be taken. • Switching off the feeder / equipment and proper earthing is to be ensured as noted in line clear permit.
SAFETY • Precautions to be taken while working on lines / equipment(contd….): • A.B. Switch should be opened and locked. If possible watch / ward may be provided. • The AB Switch should not be opened on load. • After opening the AB Switch, It should be ensured that the three blades of AB switch are opened. • While operating A. B. Switch or other line equipment ,Hand gloves should invariably be used. • Line should be got discharged and earthed by earth - rod at one pole before and after the work place, before starting the work on pole
SAFETY • Precautions to be taken while working on lines / equipment(contd….): • It should be ensured that: - all men and material has safely reached / climbed down to ground after completion of work. -No T&P is left on the line and earth rods are removed • Safety belt/rope or Zoola should be used while working • If one or more phases at Distribution Box of DTR is made direct, then working on it is dangerous. Hence in such case, by opening the D.O. link, supply to DTR is switched off and work on LT side taken up.
SAFETY • Precautions to be taken while working on lines / equipment(contd….) • If different groups are working at different places on line at same time, then clear communication and understanding should be established between them about the work. • Work should not be carried out and line should not be charged by fixing some approximate time or by fixing fictitious codes. • All the three phases of line should be made off even if one has to work on single phase only.
SAFETY • Precautions to be taken while working on lines / equipment(contd…..) • There is danger at place where two different lines are in vicinity of each other and permit is taken to work on one of the lines, because there is possibility of touching the conductor of live line. Hence in such cases permit be taken on both the lines. • one should not climb on line even for putting D.O. links or by climbing on Distribution Box or using only half operating rod. • While working, one should not wear wristwatch or chain (Metallic) on the neck. • The spots of multiple feeding points or common street light phase from 2 or 3 T/fs, should be fully known to workers. while attending fuse off call complaints.
SAFETY SAFETY T & P Rubber Hand gloves: Rubber handgloves are mainly of two types and used for HT & LT Line respectively. The handgloves meant for L.T. lines should not be used for H.T. Line work. Handgloves should invariably be used for following works : • For closing and opening of A.B. Switches and isolators • For discharging the HT & LT lines and equipments using discharge rod and for Earthing work • For inserting and taking out of Distribution box fuse and pole fuse • For operating transformer D.O. and Horn -gap fuse • For mechanically closing and tripping of circuit breakers.
SAFETY SAFETY T&P Safety Precautions for Keeping & Handling Hand gloves • Hand gloves are to be used wherever required. • Hand gloves should not be folded / stored with other material. • T & P or any material should not be kept inside hand gloves. • Hand gloves are to be kept clean and dry. Boric Acid Powder to be used inside and outside. • Hand gloves are to be carefully inspected for any cut or leakage, etc. before use.
SAFETY SAFETY T&P Bamboo-ladder/Insulated ladder: • Bamboo - ladder to be used for climbing the pole. • Ladder shall be of 6 meters length. • The ladder shall be varnished so as to keep safe from rain / water. Metallic colours should never be used for the ladder. • Metal - ladder should not be used unless permitted. • Only one person shall climb and work at a time on ladder. • Damaged ladder to be discarded
SAFETY SAFETY T&PDischarge /Earthing Rod: • The discharge rod shall be used to discharge the static and induction charge of the power line after opening it. The use of discharge rod safeguards from all types of back feeding cases / eventualities such as : • The line is charged by some mischievous or unknown person not having adequate knowledge. • The area of DTR may be under shutdown due to some fault, the L.T. line under DTR is charged from other source.
SAFETY SAFETYT&PSwinging of power lines may cause charging of lines if the guarding is not provided at line crossing. • Line clear permit is given, but the line is not actually opened • Operator may forget that the line is under permit and he may charge the line for testing etc. The line should be treated as charged until all the phases including neutral wire are discharged. There is possibility of charging of line due to static charge, induction or fault current.
SAFETY Safety T&P: Maintenance of Discharge Rod • The rod should not be kept in wet condition. • It is to be ensured that the continuity of all wires of discharge rod is intact. • Carbon deposited on Hook of the rod to be cleaned regularly. • The continuity of wires to be tested regularly.
SAFETY Safety T&P Method of using Discharge – Rod • Cleanliness of the wire ends/lugs to be ensured before use. • Firm connection of wires with earth point should be made by nut-bolt. • Confirmation of the continuity and good condition of earthing is a must. • Hand gloves shall be used while discharging the line by discharge/earth rod. • While working on LT.Line, the neutral is to be first discharged and then phases. .
SAFETY Safety T&P • The rods shall be kept on line till the work is completed. • After completion of work and climbing down the pole, discharge rods should be removed one by one using hand gloves invariably. After removing all rods, earth connection shall be removed. • If it is noticed that some work is still balance or some T&P, etc. is left on the line, the workman should not climb the line unless the line is discharged again. Any eventuality may occur within seconds. Hence no risk should be taken and never do any work in haste.
SAFETY Safety T&P: Insulated T&P: It is to be ensured that the insulation of T&P is intact before use. Insulated T&P means screwdriver, pliers, tester, etc Zoola: Zoola should be always used while working on pole or D.P. etc. It is to be ensured that the rope of zoola, thimble, hook, etc. are in good condition before starting the work. Safety - Rope: Sometimes the zoola may break and worker fall on the ground. Hence while working on zoola, the worker must use a safety rope on waist. It is to be ensured that the knot is tight and other end of this rope should be wrapped tightly with the pole to avoid any mishap. The rope must be in good condition, quality and size.
SAFETY Safety T&P • Crash - Helmet: While working on pole or on D.P., the nut bolt, clamp, spanner, pliers and other T&P may fall accidentally on ground on head /body of the worker working on ground. Hence the worker should use the crash helmet as a safety precaution. • Welding - Goggle: During welding work, one must wear the welding goggles to avoid injuries to eyes due to spark and intense light of welding. • Gumboots: The gumboots must be used while patrolling, particularly in the night or rainy season to safeguard from snakebite /reptile etc. Also, it shall be used while operating D.O. Switch / A.B.Switch, etc. along with handgloves.
SAFETY Safety of T&P T&P used for erection and maintenance of lines and s/stn equipment, etc. should be kept in good working condition so as avoid accidents and for longer life. • The rope must be wrapped and kept in proper condition. The rope should not be in wet condition. Knot should be made properly. Damaged rope should not be used. • Overloading on steel rope and turfermachine should be avoided. • Spanner should not be used as a hammer. • Check zoolarope before use. • Ladder should be varnished regularly. • Hand gloves shall be cleaned. Boric powder to be used before keeping it in store. Wrapping / keeping T&P inside to be avoided
SAFETY Rules regarding permit and important notices / information : • Permit :Unless line clear permit is issued by the authorized person, worker should not climb on pole or apparatus. No one should go in the vicinity of bare conductor and work. Competent and AuthorisedPerson : • Only Shift Engineer or person in charge of operation is authorisedto issue permit. • The line clear permit should only be issued to person duly authorised for said work.
SAFETY Procedure of Issuing / Obtaining and returning the Permit : • For obtaining line clear permit, the authorised person should apply to the person authorised to issue line clear permit and such authority will issue the permit accordingly. • Where it is not possible to obtain permit in writing then permit can be obtained on Telephone. In such case, the permit obtaining authority should confirm by repeating the matter with permit issuing authority on phone. The same should be noted in the permit book by both the persons. The duplicate copy of line clear permit after cancellation be sent to each other by post / in person as early as possible for record.
SAFETY Procedure of Issuing / Obtaining and returning the Permit (contd..) : • The permit book is an important record and should be preserved properly. The pages of permit book should be numbered serially. Pages from this book should not be taken out or torn out or used for any other work. In case if any page is torn-out or taken-out by some person due to any reason, then the concerned person should sign on the same and make dated entry in the logbook of S/stn. with signature. • The person, who has taken the permit, should return it. In case where the permit issuing and obtaining authority is same, the self-permit should be taken in his name and cancel after completion of work. This procedure should be followed strictly. • In case the permit taken in personally, same can be returned on phone. (Eg: In the event of Breakdown). • While issuing or returning permit on phone, code words may be used.
SAFETY Precautions to be taken while issuing permit : • It is the duty of the Shift Engineer (or issuer of permit )to effectively cut off supply to the Feeder/ Equipment for which the permit is being issued, as per the standing operating Instructions. • Equipment / feeder should be discharged and properly earthed.
SAFETY Grounding and Locking instructions to be observed for various Equipments: • Power Transformers in Substations: The H.T. and L.T. side Controlling Isolators/C.Bs of the step down or step-up power T/F shall be locked in “off” position and the danger Boards with the words “men on line” should be hanged on isolator handles • Further, the same type of Danger Boards should be hanged on handles of control switchgear /Panel of C.B • The control circuit fuse of control panel should also be taken out and kept in the custody of permit issuing authority.
SAFETY Grounding and Locking instructions to be observed for various Equipments (contd..): High voltage potential T/Fs and LAs, if erected on ground level in enclosures, shall be first discharged from outside the fencing and later earthed inside perfectly. • Out-door type C.Bs should be first discharged from all six terminals and then perfectly earthed. The isolators on either side of C.B should be locked in off condition and Danger board fixed to their handles. • Indoor H.T. Panels & PTs should be racked out of position, discharged and earthed before permit is given.
SAFETY Grounding and Locking instructions for various Equipments (contd…): • Outdoor Bus Bar, isolators etc: complete section of Bus Bar on which permit is to be issued, should be first isolated from all sources and earthed. • The limits of the dead section must be specially pointed out to the receiver and noted in the permit • It is possible that some part of isolated switch may remain live; the same shall be brought to the notice of person to whom permit is being issued and noted in the permit.
SAFETY • Grounding and Locking instructions for various Equipments (contd…): • While doing maintenance work above the ground level, the live parts or conductors may come in the vicinity of the worker, such possibilities should be brought to the notice of person to whom permit is being issued. • Power transformer H.G.fuse structure in outdoorSS: in case the fuse structure also incorporates the transformer isolator ,structure should not be climbed.
SAFETY • Grounding and Locking instructions for various Equipments (contd…): • Outdoor H.TKiosk : The O.C.B. must be switched off in case of outdoor H.T. Kiosk. The incoming and outgoing links of OCB should be removed using operating rod and discharged. The incoming side of the breaker is in live condition and this point should be kept in mind. • Indoor Cubicle Gears :- The CB should be switched off. Incoming bus side links to be opened by operating rod to open links and earth. The isolating chamber or incoming cable may be live and such cases should be brought to the notice of person to whom permit is being issued.
SAFETY Grounding and Locking instructions for various Equipments (contd…): H.T. LINE H.T. OVERHEAD LINE • The Circuit/ conductor on which work to be carried out, should be isolated by opening the CB and line links. In case of double feeding circuit, switches of both the ends should be opened and the earth switches of either end closed if provided or line should be earthed locally before issue of line clear permit. • If the feeders are controlled through trunk type metal clad gears, then gear must be separated from each other. • Where earthing switch is not provided, conductors should be discharged and earthed perfectly. H.T. UNDERGROUND FEEDERS The procedure like overhead lines is also applicable here. Further before taking work in hand it should be discharged and earthed at specific points
SAFETY PERMIT LOG IN, ISSUE AND RETURN PERMIT : • All the operations carried out should be logged in the substation log book as per the sequence of operations. • All operations carried out at Down Substation/ up substation/other end person should be logged in. • The last operation regarding issue of/ return of permits should be entered in the log-book with red-ink. • During shift change, the outgoing operator/ Engineer should give the oral information about pending line permits and logged in the logbook by red ink along with other important information about pending permit.
SAFETY PERMIT LOG IN, ISSUE AND RETURN PERMIT (contd..) : • All the operations carried out should be logged in the substation log book as per the sequence of operations. • All operations carried out between any two substations should be logged in at both ends. • The last operation i.e., return of permits should be entered in the log-book with red-ink. • During shift change, the outgoing operator/ Engineer should give the oral information about pending line permits and logged in the logbook by red ink along with other important information about pending permit.
SAFETY PERMIT LOG IN, ISSUE AND RETURN PERMIT (contd..) : • The incoming operator/ Engineer should also note about the balance work and note in the log-book about permit. • All the sub-station operators concerned should follow the above practice. • Equipment / line should not be charged unless permit is returned and cancelled. • The person who has taken the permit, should himself return the permit to the person from whom the permit is taken or to the next duty operator if shift changes.
SAFETY Precautions To Be Taken During the Work By Permit Holder : • The permit holder should ensure before taking the work in hand that equipment / lines, switchgear, etc. on which permit is taken, are duly earthed. If it is not earthed properly, then the permit holder should not permit his staff to touch the equipment/switchgear. • The information such as the specific places where one should not climb the dead equipment, limit switches and structures etc. are brought to the notice of the co-workers/staff.
SAFETY Precautions To Be Taken During the Work By Permit Holder (contd…): • “No entry” warning Boards should be tagged on line portion or on places where climbing is not permitted. The rope or red-flag can also be used at such places. • When one has to climb on any structure or equipment, which are in the vicinity of live portion, then permit holder himself should be present there and proper guidance be given to the workers.
SAFETY Accident and Prevention Thereof: • Accidents occur due lack of safe condition or due to unsafe working practices. They are classified in two categories. - Non-fatal - Fatal
SAFETY Accidents and Prevention Thereof (contd..): Accidents that occur while working on lines: • Accident occur due to falling of poles while stringing of conductor because of non-alignment of poles. • When the line in charged condition, accident may occur to persons or animals due to non use of proper stay or lack of proper earthing, • Lack of provision of guarding at Road-crossing points and crossing of H.T./ L.T. lines may result in accident. • The jumpers coming to AB Switch or D.O. fuse are not connected in proper way.
SAFETY Accidents and Prevention Thereof (contd..): Accidents due to work carried out by unauthorized person: • Using the services of contract labourersfor overhead work or for placing a fuse link. • Instructions issued to work on live line to the line helper. • When fuse links or meter cutout fuses are replaced by consumer. • Accident may occur when service connection is not provided properly as per standard practice.
SAFETY Accidents and Prevention Thereof (contd..): Accidents due to ignorance of proper working methods : • Proper precaution is not taken, while working on poles fed through both sides i.e. at multi feeding points. • The circuit on which work is to be carried out is not fully and properly made dead, or street light line is not made dead. • Proper precaution / attention is not given when some phase is made direct. • Proper attention is not given to probable danger while doing crossing work of H.T., L.T. lines or carrying out work at crossing points. • When permit is taken but line is not made dead and person sent for patrolling or climbing on pole.
SAFETY Accidents and Prevention Thereof (contd..): Accidents due to non-use of safety equipment : • Not using the safety rope and zoola. • Not using of handgloves or insulated plier, screw driver, etc. • Non - use of ladder while doing work of street - light maintenance. • Non-use of discharge rod/earthingrods at proper place.
SAFETY Accidents and Prevention Thereof (contd): Non-obeying of Standing Orders or not obtaining authorized permit : • To work on lines without obtaining proper permit. • Carry out work on T/f without opening of D.O. Links. • Where there is H.T. and L.T. lines on same pole and starting of work on L.T. Line without taking permit on H.T. Line or not making L.T. Line dead. • Due to non-use of lock at AB Switch points.
SAFETY Accidents and Prevention Thereof (contd..): Accident due to carelessness: • No proper attention is given while erecting the pole or during stringing line. • Non-use of safety equipment. • While doing work, the wrist watch or metals/ metallic chain of neck are not removed. • Doing work in unsafe condition or proper safety precaution not taken.
SAFETY Accidents and Prevention Thereof (contd): Accidents due to lack of regular or necessary maintenance:- • Not giving proper attention to tree-clearances. • Non-maintenance of broken guarding or earthing. • Non-replacement of broken kitkats. • Non-replacement of worn out / cracked service wire. • Not doing regular maintenance of T/Fs
SAFETY Precautions for Avoiding Accidents Responsibility of Supervisors : • Making safe working conditions • Confirming availability of safety equipment and use thereof • Proper maintenance of T&P • Confirming that workers are doing work in proper way and as per general instructions • Allotment of work to workers as per their capacity of doing work
SAFETY Precautions for Avoiding Accidents (contd…) Responsibility of supervisors: • Confirming that worker knows the following points : - About the work which is to be carried out. - probability of dangers be informed. - Safe-procedure of work adopted by worker. - Repeating the oral instructions and get it confirmed from worker.
SAFETY Precautions for Avoiding Accidents (contd..) Personal Responsibility : Observance of the following precautions is the responsibility of concerned staff: • Self-safety, Safety of Co-workers, Safety of outside persons, Safety of Utility’s assets. • The doubts about rules / procedures if any should be got cleared from higher authorities. • Informing the doubts or dangers in the work involved if any, by the worker to in charge of work and taking his suggestions. • The improper condition of Company’s equipment or some dangerous position if observed, should be informed to in charge or supervisor.
SAFETY Precautions for Avoiding Accidents(contd..) Personal Behaviour • Smoking and liquor consumption while on duty is prohibited. • Unnecessary talking other than work or cracking jokes etc. at work place is also prohibited. Contnd…
SAFETY • Precautions for Avoiding Accidents(contd..) Personal Precautionary Measures to be taken before starting the work: • One should be always alert mentally and physically and take notice of danger - boards / Markings if any at work place. • The work allotted should be got clearly understood. • If some work is done in an improper way and nothing has happened at that time, again doing the work in same way should be avoided. • All the T&Ps and safety equipment be got checked before starting work. • Any illness or physical weakness should be brought to the notice of supervisor.
SAFETY Reporting of Accidents : • All accidents should be immediately reported to authorities concerned within stipulated time. • All the accidents should be analyzed for reason of accident. • The record of accidents along with reasons should be maintained as a guide to avoid future accidents.
SAFETY ELECTRIC SHOCK AND ITS EFFECTS • In the event of passing of current through the body of a person, the body tissues / muscles get vibrations and experience severe pain. The phenomenon is called "Electric-shock”. • The resistance of a normal person's body between two hands is about 1000 ohms, but if both the hands are in wet condition, then the resistance becomes 150 ohm only. In case if hands are wet with salt or salty water, then the resistance becomes 50 ohms only. • Therefore, in Bathroom or at wet places or during rainy season, the electric shock will be severe and can cause fatality.
