U3 Grammar

1. U3 Grammar Non-restrictive attributive clauses (1st period)

2. who/that Who is he? *The man ______ is sitting there is Brad Pitt. *The man ______ she speaks is Brad Pitt. *The man _____________ she speaks to is Brad Pitt. to whom who/whom/that/-

3. Who is she? who Cecilia, ______ took weight-loss pills, now realizes that health is important. Cecilia, _______ body is slim, still wants to lose some weight. whose

4. Differences: • Comma • The non-restrictive attributive clause can be left out. • We can’t use “that” in it. • We can’t miss the relative words, either.

5. Can you find the non-restrict attributive clauses in your reading, p 42,43 *I’m taking weight-loss pills called Fat-Less, which are quite popular among young women here.

6. *My mother,whom you met last year, keeps telling me not to take them because they are dangerous. *Then the doctor found someone in your country, whose name is Li Dong, was an exact match for me.

7. It’s the same in China---many people, some of whom are not overweight at all, are always going on diet or taking weight-loss pills, which are often dangerous.

8. More examples: • He was very rude to the custom officers, which of course made things even worse. • The result of the experiment was very good, which we hadn’t expected.

9. He missed the show, whichwas a great pity. Tip 1: Here, we know we can use “which” to refer to the whole main clause, and we can’t use “that”.

10. 典型例题 Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, _____, of course, made the others envy him. (2004, 天津卷) A. who B. that C. what D. which D

11. D Carol said the work would be done by October, _____ personally I doubt very much. (1999) A. it B. that C. when D. which

12. Other examples: • He has three sons, two of whom are doctors. • Many people, some of whom are slim, are going on diets. • China has hundreds of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan.

13. Tip 2: • We can use most/ all/ some/ both/ part + of + whom/ which to express a complete or partial quantity.

14. 典型例题 The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% ________ are sold abroad. (2004, 辽宁卷) A. of which B. which of C. of them D. of that A

15. 05年高考回放 1. I have many friends, _______ some are businessmen. (2005，全国II卷) A. why B. from which C. who of D. of whom D

16. D 2．If a shop has chairs _______ women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop. (2005，上海卷) A. that B. which C. when D. where

17. 3．Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from ______ effects the people are still suffering. (2005, 天津卷) A. that B. whose C. those D. what B

18. C 4．I walked in our garden, _______ Tom and Jim were tying a big sign onto one of the trees. (2005,辽宁卷) A. which B. when C. where D. that

19. C 5. He was educated at a local grammar school, _______ he went on to Cambridge. (2005, 山东卷) A. from which B. after that C. after which D. from this

20. 6. Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer what it was 20years ago, ______ it was so poorly equipped. (2005，安徽卷) A. when B. which C. what D. that A

21. 7. The place ______ the bridge is supposed to be built should be _____ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest. （2005，江苏卷） A. which; where B. at which; which C. at which; where D. which; in which C

22. A 8. Jim passed the driving test, _______ surprised everybody in the office. （2005，浙江卷） A. which B. that C. this D. it

23. 9. The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs ______ they are being trained. （2005，江西卷） A. in that B. for that C. in which D. for which D

24. 10. Her sister has become a lawyer, _______ she wanted to be. (2005, 湖北卷) A. who B. that C. what D. which D

25. 11. Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes _______ people were eaten by the tiger. (2005, 广东卷一) A. in which B. by which C. which D. that A

26. Notice: • We must use “that” in the following cases:

27. 1. The antecedent is all, few, little, much, nothing, anything, none, one, etc. eg: As we all know, all that can be done has been done.

28. 2. The antecedent is modified by all, any, every, each, few, little, no, some, etc. eg: I have read all the books that you gave me.

29. 3.The antecedent is modified by an ordinal or superlative. eg: He was the first that gave us some useful advice.

30. 4. The antecedent is modified by only, very, last, etc. eg: He is the only person that I want to talk to.

31. 5. The antecedent refers to people and things. eg: They talked of the things and persons that they remembered. 6. A sentence begins with who or which. eg: Which is the computer that I will operate?

32. 7. A relative pronoun functions as predicative. eg: They are no longer the men that they used to be.

33. 04高考回放 C • The English play _______ my students acted at the New Year’s party was a great success. (2004, 全国卷I) A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which

34. A • There were dirty marks on her trousers _______ she had wiped her hands. (2004，全国卷II) A. where B. which C. when D. that

35. A • The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, ______ the sailing time was 226 days. (2004，全国卷III) A. of which B. during which C. from which D. for which

36. B • There was ______ time _______ I hated to go to school. (2004, 湖北卷) A. a; that B. a; when C. the; that D. the; when

37. Homework Finish the given exercises on p48-49

38. Good staying with you! Thank you!

39. U3 Grammar question tags (2nd period)

40. question tags

41. shmily

42. Do you say “I love you” to your parents, how do you say?

43. Sometimes, you can ask: You love me, don’t you?

44. This kind of sentence is called question tag. Question tags are short questions that come at the end of statements.

45. Question tags can be used when you… • ask for agreement eg: you still go to the gym every day, don’t you ? • ask for confirmation eg: you still go to the gym every day, don’t you?

46. Notice: 1.We use a negative question tag at the end of a positive statement; we use a positive question tag at the end of a negative statement.

47. Looking good is important to women, isn’t it? I was very lucky, wasn’t I? We shouldn’t be ashamed of the way we look, should we?

48. 2. Words like neither, none, nobody, nothing, few, little, never, hardly or seldom are considered negative.

49. Neither of you will have coffee, will you? • No onehas found my CD, have they? • Nobodyunderstood his speech, did they? • His sister seldomargues with people, does she?

50. 3. We use a personal pron. like I, we, you, he, she, it or they in a question tag. eg: you wouldn’t like to take these pills, would you? Everyone has advised you not to go on a diet, haven't they?