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Unit 9—Vietnam and Counterculture

Unit 9—Vietnam and Counterculture. Chapters 16 – 17 CSS 11.10, 11.11. Mustang Monday, May 11, 2015. Take your seat Take out FN: Origins of VN Make sure you have a copy of the Healthy note Warm-Up Read over the Healthy Note “Understanding Teen Dating Violence”.

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Unit 9—Vietnam and Counterculture

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  1. Unit 9—Vietnam and Counterculture Chapters 16 – 17 CSS 11.10, 11.11

  2. Mustang Monday, May 11, 2015 • Take your seat • Take out FN: Origins of VN • Make sure you have a copy of the Healthy note Warm-Up Read over the Healthy Note “Understanding Teen Dating Violence”

  3. Today’s Agenda • Healthy Note • Group/Class Discussions FN: Origins of VN • Homework: • Read, Mark and Annotate Documents • Study for Vocabulary Quiz • Possible IDs: Cuban Missile Crisis, Bay of Pigs Crisis, deficit spending, space race

  4. Many Vietnamese were your friends by day, but were enemy soldiers by night • Who was a friend and who was your enemy? • American soldiers went from motivation for mission to disillusionment and frustration “For most American combat troops, the Vietnam War was endless plodding across flooded rice fields and tangled jungle trails in search of an elusive enemy. The soldiers were harassed more by heat and leeches than by communists.”

  5. Origins of the Vietnam War 11.9.3, 11.9.4 EQ: Why did the US become involved in Vietnam?

  6. Overview • Vietnam was the longest war in US history • 1940s to 1975 • 58k Americans died • stop the spread of communism in Asia • 500k Vietnamese died • Vietnam went communist anyway • America lost faith in its government

  7. French Indo-China • Dien Bien Phu, 1954 • Vietnam had been French Indo-China until WWII • US feared domino effect in Vietnam after 1949 • US gave $2.6 billion to France from 1950 and 1954 • the French at Dienbienphu fell to 40,000 Vietminh soldiers after a 55 day siege • it was too close to Korea so Ike stayed out • the Geneva Convention divided Vietnam at the 17th parallel in 1954 • Laos and Cambodia also got their independence

  8. French Indo-China • Ho Chi Minh • com, leader of N. ‘Nam • his army, the Vietminh, tried to reunite Vietnam • he believed that if his people fought long enough the US would leave • he funneled aid to the Vietcong, pro-com guerrilla fighters in South Vietnam

  9. French Indo-China • Ngo Dinh Diem • the leader of South Vietnam needed US aid to fight the Vietcong • JFK sent 15,000 advisors from 1961 – 1963 • Diem was not popular and the US didn’t help him that much so he’d lose power which he did in 1963

  10. Ho Chi Minh Trail • thousands of miles of trails, roads, and tunnels • crucial supply route for communist forces in South Vietnam

  11. Domino Theory • Definition of Domino Theory: • if one nation comes under Communist control, then neighboring nations will also come under Communist control • SEATO: • South East Asian Treaty Organization. • Formed to help S. Vietnam

  12. Tonkin Gulf Resolution, 1964 • Lead to increased involvement • N. Vietnamese torpedo boats attacked the US Maddox • the US Maddox was not hit in the attack • Congress gave LBJ power to “prevent further aggression” • only two senators voted against it • LBJ never had to ask for a formal declaration of war • led to the War Powers Act

  13. Operation Rolling Thunder, 1965 • LBJ began sustained bombing of North Vietnam for the next 3 years • the US dropped more than 6 million tons of bombs on Vietnam • three times what it did in WWII

  14. Americanization • Gen. William Westmoreland • wanted to Americanize the war by using more US troops • he assured Americans that more troops meant more stability in Vietnam • 1965 – 184,000 US troops in Vietnam (636 dead) • 1968 – 500,000+ US troops in Vietnam (30,000 dead)

  15. Americanizing the War • the US relied on superior technology and rapid movement • bombing raids, helicopters, Agent Orange, napalm • Agent Orange is an herbicide and a carcinogen • napalm is jellied gasoline

  16. Increased American Involvement “When we got to the village it was so awful that we were in a state of shock. The village had been hit by napalm. More than half of it was burned. Hundreds of people were dead and many others were burned terribly but still alive. Some children were burned over half of their bodies and were screaming and crying for their mothers. I saw one small child’s body in a bunker that was still glowing. The body looked like a blackened pig. I was so scared I couldn’t move.”

  17. The Anti-War Movement • Hawks v. Doves • hawks supported containment • doves like Sen. Fulbright wanted an end to the war • lowered unemployment but led to inflation • morale lowered as TV coverage brought the war into US homes

  18. The Anti-War Movement “There may be a limit beyond which many Americans and much of the world will not permit the United States to go. The picture of the world’s superpower killing and seriously injuring 1000 noncombatants a week, while trying to pound a tiny backward nation into submission on an issue whose merits are hotly disputed, is not a pretty one.” “Somehow this madness must cease. We must stop now…If we do not act we shall surely be dragged down the long, dark and shameful corridors of time reserved for those who possess power without compassion, might without morality, and strength without sight.” —Martin Luther King Jr. 1967

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