Navigation Applications perspective on ADQ

1. Navigation Applications perspective on ADQ ADQ Implementation Workshop Lendina Smaja Navigation specialist 28/05/2013

2. Table of Content • Transition to PBN • Importance of Data quality • Focus on PBN Approaches (RNP APCH) • Activities prior to procedure publication • Precision approach example: GBAS/GLS Data Integrity Management • Conclusions enter your presentation title

3. Transition to PBN B A • The aircraft’s RNAV system uses positioning sensors such as GNSS (or DME) to determine its position and establish the required track normally using navigation data from an on-board navigation database • Today, PBN distinguished between RNAV and RNP applications (RNP requires on-board performance monitoring and alerting) navigation specifications for application in the oceanic, en route, terminal and approach phases of flight • Similarly, GBAS which is a precision approach (xLS) relies on navigation data for defining the final approach path enter your presentation title

4. The impact of bad data Runway

5. Data Quality • The successful and safe implementation of PBN and xLS applications depends upon high integrity navigation data. • The more demanding the application, the more important this becomes; particularly terminal and approach operations. • There is a need to ensure the originated data is accurate and sufficiently precise • There is a need to ensure the integrity of data within the data chain (depicted below) Data Origination (surveyor/designer) Nav Database Providers Data Packers OEMs Aircraft Operators Data Publication (States) Coding AIP Nav DB Aircraft fly wrong tracks If unclear or ambiguous procedure description Failure to implement adequate quality procedures enter your presentation title

6. Focus on PBN Approach (RNP APCH) LATERAL dimension VERTICAL dimension IAF IF FAF FAF Decision Height 18 36 • PBN procedures are coded as a series of waypoints and legs which define specific nominal tracks • The Final Approach record (FAS DB) of RNP APCH is stored in each and every NAV database of the aircraft flying this procedure. CONCERN: higher risk for data corruption…

7. Data Formatting PANS-OPS require electronic transfer of FAS DB. CONCERN: any electronic file created by procedure designer will be transformed before entering the NAV database… Procedure design propose a coding (legs). CONCERN: what gets finally coded in NAV database reveal to be different sometimes (translation to ARINC 424 and then to avionic specific format)… Procedure designers need to understand RNAV system limitations Same ARINC 424 legs can be differently executed in aircraft types FAS DB is not the only data required for coding in the database. CONCERN on the format for publication and transfer of these data… Data Origination (surveyor/designer) Nav Database Providers Data Packers OEMs Aircraft Operators Data Publication (States) Coding (ARINC 424) AIP Nav DB

8. Activities prior to procedure publication • Ground Validation • Obstacle Clearance • Charting • Coding • Flyability • Flight Inspection • Infrastructure • Flight Validation • Obstacle Verification (optional) • Flyability (workload, charting, manoeuvring) enter your presentation title

9. Activities prior to approach procedure publication (cont.) Data Origination (surveyor/designer) Nav Database Providers Data Packers OEMs Aircraft Operators Data Publication (States) Usually flight validation is done with pre-production navigation databases Validate the procedure here? • Some issues: • Flight validation: What NAV database to use for a flight validation? • - Should this be an official database? CONCERNS on the chronology (publication before procedure is actually checked) or on extra cost (to get an pre-production nav. database outside of the normal publication process) • - What is the completeness of this check? CONCERN is what is validated is also what is coded (other coding available on the market) • Validation tools: How should these tools be validated

10. Precision approach example: GBAS/GLS Data Integrity Management • GBAS is the first precision approach system to rely on aeronautical data for generation of the precision approach path. The data quality (accuracy, confidence level and integrity) has a direct impact on the position error on the approach Airport survey Procedure Design Approach Plates FAS DB creation • Reference Path Id. • Horizontal Reference Datum • GBAS Ground Station info. • All waypoints of procedure Upload in GBAS Ground Station • Final Approach Segment (FAS) • FASVAL and FASLAL AIP Data Data on Aircraft NAV DB Initial segments of the procedures before final (FAS) VDB Transmission Flight validation Data flow for GBAS enter your presentation title

11. Safety Critical Data Chain for GBAS • Determination of WGS84 coordinates for • Runway coordinates (threshold – LTP/FTP, FPAP) • GNSS reference antenna phase centre coordinates • Procedure design • Typically uses threshold coordinates of the runway as input • Outputs FAS data block file – Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) wrapped- in binary format for each precision approach • Procedure publication (AIP) • Transfer and Load into the GBAS Ground Station • GBAS Ground & Flight Testing (ICAO Doc.8071) • Use VDB or GBAS receiver to check the data content and CRC • Fly all procedures • VDB transmission of data to the aircraft • Ground station monitors data content and CRC internally • Airborne receiver checks FAS data file and CRC enter your presentation title

12. GBAS/GLS FAS Data Block • The FAS Data Block contains the safety critical information for a precision approach • The FAS Path is a line in space defined by: • Landing threshold point/fictitious threshold point (LTP/FP) • Flight path alignment point (FPAP) • Threshold crossing height (TCH) • Glide path angle (GPA) • The FAS data block is protected by CRC • The transfer of FAS DB to the GBAS ground station should transferred electronically via media or via network enter your presentation title

13. Conclusions Navigation with respect to waypoints and not beacons The high integrity navigation data is of utmost importance for the implementation of PBN and xLS applications. The ADQ IR Mandate and EUROCONTROL Data Origination Specification contribute to improve the quality of navigation data, thus facilitating future applications The activities prior to instrument flight procedures publication still need additional guidelines to be harmonised

14. Questions? enter your presentation title