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DNA & RNA

DNA & RNA. TAKS Review April 2010. Shara Dluhos, Foster High School Honors, Pre-AP, AP Biology. What is genetic material?. What does it do? Provides genetic information, controls cells activities What is it made of? DNA RNA Where is it found? Nucleus of Eukaryotic Cells

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DNA & RNA

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  1. DNA & RNA TAKS Review April 2010 Shara Dluhos, Foster High School Honors, Pre-AP, AP Biology

  2. What is genetic material? • What does it do? • Provides genetic information, controls cells activities • What is it made of? • DNA • RNA • Where is it found? • Nucleus of Eukaryotic Cells • Cytoplasm of Prokaryotic Cells

  3. Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) • Material inside cells that contains the genetic code for living organisms • Made up of repeating units called nucleotides • 1 nucleotide = a sugar, a phosphate, & a nitrogenous base • 4 different nitrogenous bases • Adenine • Thymine • Cytosine • Guanine

  4. Base Pairs

  5. DNA Replication • DNA Replication is the process of copying new DNA from old DNA. • To make new cells, old cells must undergo the process of mitosis. • Mitosis copies all the cell parts including the DNA. • Old DNA  New DNA

  6. Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) • RNA is a single-stranded • Contains the sugar ribose • Has the nucleotide base Uracil (U) instead of Thymine (T).

  7. DNA vs. RNA

  8. Proteins • Each cell in our bodies has specialized proteins to help carry out our bodies functions and to give them structure. • Proteins are what we see!

  9. Protein Synthesis • Protein synthesis is the process by which a cell makes proteins. • “synthesis” = to make • Protein synthesis is broken down into 2 steps: • Transcription • Translation

  10. Transcription • Transcription is the process of creating RNA from DNA. • DNA  mRNA

  11. Translation • Translation is the process of decoding a strand of RNA into a protein chain. • mRNA tRNA amino acid  Protein

  12. Mutations • A mutation is any change in the sequence of DNA. • This can lead to changes in: • The order of the bases • The proteins synthesized • Mutations can occur during any stage of DNA replication or Protein Synthesis.

  13. DNA/RNAActivity & Exit Quiz

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