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Animal Form and Function

Animal Form and Function. Circulation and Gas Exchange Refer to pg 237-243 in Holtzclaw , Ch 42 in Campbell and media resources Also refer to AP Lab 10.

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Animal Form and Function

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  1. Animal Form and Function Circulation and Gas ExchangeRefer to pg 237-243 in Holtzclaw, Ch 42 in Campbell and media resourcesAlso refer to AP Lab 10

  2. LEARNING GOAL: HOW DO ANIMALS EXCHANGE GASES AND TRANSPORT THEM INTERNALLY? WHAT ARE VARIOUS STRUCTURE/FUNCTION EXAMPLES ACROSS THE ANIMAL KINGDOM?

  3. Learning Intentions You must know: • The circulatory vessels, heart chambers, and route of mammalian circulation. • How red bloods cells (RBCs) demonstrate the relationship of structure to function. • The general characteristics of a respiratory surface. • The pathway a molecule of oxygen takes from the air until it is picked up by the hemoglobin of a red blood cell.

  4. The circulatory vessels, heart chambers, and route of mammalian circulation. • You must exchange gas, wastes, and nutrients at the cellular level by diffusion! • Two solutions: • 1) Keep all cells in contact with environment • Gastrovascular Cavity • 2) Move fluid around to tissues/cells for exchange • Circulatory System

  5. Gastrovascular Cavity

  6. What are the three components of a Circulatory System? • Circulatory System

  7. What are the three components of a Circulatory System? • Blood (Circulatory Fluid) • Vessels (Tubes) • Heart (Pump)

  8. In closed circulation you have: • Arteries – • Capillaries – • Veins –

  9. In closed circulation you have: • Arteries – carry blood away from heart • Thick, lots of smooth muscle • Arterioles are smaller • Capillaries – Gas/Nutrient/Waste Exchange • Microscopic • Walls are one-cell layer thick (significance?) • Veins – carry blood back to the heart • Have valves to prevent backflow • Venules are smaller • The heart has atria and ventricles

  10. Try This! True or False? Capillary beds: • Are the site of nutrient and oxygen delivery to tissues • Have a total cross-sectional area much smaller than the total cross-sectional area of major arteries • Join arterioles and venules

  11. Try This! True or False? Capillary beds: • Are the site of nutrient and oxygen delivery to tissues TRUE! • Have a total cross-sectional area much smaller than the total cross-sectional area of major arteries FALSE! • Join arterioles and venules TRUE!

  12. Variations!

  13. Variations!

  14. Take a moment to read and understand the Path of Circulation on Page 239 in Holtzclaw

  15. The Cardiac Cycle – Systole (contraction) and Diastole (Relaxation)

  16. The Cardiac Cycle – Read Heart Rate on Page 240 in Holtzclaw

  17. Blood Pressure: Read 42.2 on page 240 in Holtzclaw • Analyze the graphs

  18. Blood Pressure • What happens to cross-sectional surface area, velocity, and pressure as you move through the circulatory system?

  19. Activity: Measuring Blood Pressure! • Experimental, not diagnostic!!!

  20. Learning Intentions Do you know? • The circulatory vessels, heart chambers, and route of mammalian circulation.

  21. Learning Intentions You must know: • The circulatory vessels, heart chambers, and route of mammalian circulation. • How red bloods cells (RBCs) demonstrate the relationship of structure to function. • The general characteristics of a respiratory surface. • The pathway a molecule of oxygen takes from the air until it is picked up by the hemoglobin of a red blood cell.

  22. Red Blood Cells: Structure/Function • Biconcave disks • Why? • 250 million Hb/RBC • No nuclei! • Why? • No mitochondria! • Why? • Produced from stem cells in bone marrow (as are all blood cells)

  23. Red Blood Cells: Structure/Function • Biconcave disks • More surface area • 250 mill Hb/RBC • No nuclei! • More room for Hb • No mitochondria! • O2 not used up • Produced from stem cells in bone marrow (as are all blood cells)

  24. THE GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF A RESPIRATORY SURFACE • Respiratory surface (skin, gills, tracheae, lungs) are: • Moist • High surface area/volume ratio (folding, branching) • Closely associated with vascular system of large animals

  25. Breathing

  26. Control • Sense carbon dioxide and hydrogen ion • Why hydrogen ion? • Chemistry of carbon dioxide

  27. Hemoglobin • Globular protein • Subunits? • Where is it made? • Can change its affinity for oxygen by slightly changing shape (Bohr Shift) • Can carry oxygen, carbon dioxide, or hydrogen ions! • Carbon dioxide usually carried as bicarbonate ions

  28. To do: BioFlix!! • Read Holtzclaw and do all activities in chapter 42 media resources (interactive animations) Do you know? • The circulatory vessels, heart chambers, and route of mammalian circulation. • How red bloods cells (RBCs) demonstrate the relationship of structure to function. • The general characteristics of a respiratory surface. • The pathway a molecule of oxygen takes from the air until it is picked up by the hemoglobin of a red blood cell.

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