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Pyramids on the Nile

Pyramids on the Nile. Map. The Nile Geography. Nile river flows NORTH into the Mediterranean Sea. Divided into two separate regions, Lower Eygpt (north) and Upper Egypt (south) Delta-land that is at the mouth of the river about 100 miles before the sea . Geography.

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Pyramids on the Nile

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  1. Pyramids on the Nile

  2. Map

  3. The Nile Geography • Nile river flows NORTH into the Mediterranean Sea. • Divided into two separate regions, Lower Eygpt (north) and Upper Egypt (south) • Delta-land that is at the mouth of the river about 100 miles before the sea

  4. Geography • Desersts seperated the Nile River Valley from the rest of Africa and the Fertile Crescent • Deserts acted as natural barriers that forced Eygptians to stay close to the Nile and shut out invaders • Eygpt remained peaceful for most of its early years • Contact was made by traveling on the river between Upper and Lower regions

  5. Farming • Yearly flooding brought silt to the land • Flood=plant=harvest • If the floodwaters were to low people might starve, if too high houses could be ruined and seeds destroyed • Used irrigation and plow to grow wheat and barley • Nile-Eygptians worshipped it as god who gave life

  6. Movement of goods and ideas • Eygpt could trade both with other tribes in Africa and the civilizations of the Fertile Crescent • Location made it a land of cultural, ethnic and racial diversity

  7. Uniting the kingdom • 5,000BCE-Egyptians first lived in farming villages, each one had its own rituals, gods, and cheif • 3,200 BCE under the rule of 2 separate kingdoms (Upper and Lower) • 3,100 BCE-Menes-united the Upper and Lower regions of Eygpt

  8. Rulers • To Eygptians the kings were gods • Pharaohs stood at the center of Egypt’s religion, government and army • Theocracy-type of government that is ruled by a divine (godly) man

  9. Pyramids • Believed kings ruled after death so their tombs were more important than their palaces • Pyramid-the resting place for an Egyptian king • Remarkable engineering achievements, they hadn’t begun using the wheel • Represent the strength of Egyptian civilization

  10. Religion • Polytheistic • Most important gods: • Ra=the sun god • Horus=god of light • Isis=ideal mother and wife • Believed they would be judged when they died, either went to Devourer of Souls OR the beautiful Other World  • Mummification-embalming and drying the corpse

  11. Heirarchy PHARAOHS PRIESTS WEALTHY LANDOWNERS GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS ARMY COMMANDERS MERCHANTS SKILLED WORKERS (ARTISANS) PEASANT FARMERS UNSKILLED LABOR SLAVES

  12. Achievements • Hieroglyphics-flexible writing system • Papyrus-early form of paper made from reeds • Developed written numbers, calendar

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