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Introduction to the Speechmaking Process Michele Serra, October 25, 2012

Introduction to the Speechmaking Process Michele Serra, October 25, 2012. Chapter 2. Introduction to Critical Listening. Stages. If speaking is silver , listening is gold . -Turkish Proverb. The most important language skill We listen first , then speak, read, and write

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Introduction to the Speechmaking Process Michele Serra, October 25, 2012

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  1. Introduction to the Speechmaking ProcessMichele Serra, October 25, 2012 Chapter 2 Introduction to Critical Listening

  2. Stages If speaking is silver, listening is gold. -Turkish Proverb The most important language skill We listen first, then speak, read, and write Listening is the foundation … but listening is not automatic!

  3. Agenda Stages 1 Styles 2 Improvement Strategies 3 Become a Critical Listener 4

  4. Stages Percentage of Time Listening 30% Not Communicating 70% Communicating

  5. Stages 5 Stages of the Critical Listening Process

  6. Stages Stage 1: Hearing (Sensation) Hearing is an automatic mechanical process Hearingis about Noise Listening is about Meaning

  7. Stages It all starts with protecting your hearing Listening Devices: No more than 70% volume No longer than 4.5 hours Protect hearing in environments over 90 decibels. (hair dryer, lawnmower are 90 dB) (Time Magazine, 02/09) Sound receptors called cilia cannot regenerate once destroyed If destroyed, affects hearing and balance Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL)

  8. Stages Stage 2: Selection (Sorting) Noise • Choose what you will attend to from the mass of sounds and input. Content • Be selective, but listen to the entire message before rejecting all or part.

  9. Stages Stage 3: Interpretation (Meaning) We all rely on intrapersonal inputs and filters including: • History • Culture • Beliefs • Needs • Wants • Fears • Values • Intelligence • Attitudes Everyone’s frame of reference is unique “Why do people feel so strongly about one candidate vs. the other?”

  10. Stages Stage 4: Evaluation (Assessment)

  11. Stages Stage 5. Responses (Feedback) Internal: Arise from interpretation/evaluation • May occur at anytime during speech • Thoughts and conclusions arising in your mind External: Feedback, verbal, questions, comments • Non-verbal, shaking head, looking confused or bored. • Backchanneling – nonverbal vocal cues, “Uh-huh” • Includes questions and comments

  12. Agenda Stages 1 Styles 2 Improvement Strategies 3 Become a Critical Listener 4

  13. Styles 6 Styles of Listening

  14. Styles Style 1: Reluctant

  15. Styles Style 2: Aggressive

  16. Styles Style 3: Appreciative

  17. Styles Style 4: Empathic

  18. Styles Style 5: Comprehensive

  19. Styles Style 6: Critical

  20. Agenda Stages 1 Styles 2 Improvement Strategies 3 Become a Critical Listener 4

  21. Improvement Strategies Listening Improvement Strategies 4 Steps to Improve Critical Listening • Don’t try to write the entire message • Listen for main points and central ideas • Relate to topic • Expand interest • Study topic ahead of time • Eliminate noise &distractions • Stay alert, avoid fatigue • Note-takers remember 1.5 times more after 6 weeks • Those who don’t , forget 80% of lectures after 2 weeks

  22. Improvement Strategies Managing Distractions Speaker’s appearance, language, mannerisms, personality: Do: • Focus on message • Ignore trivialities Don’t • Seek distractions to stray from message • Overly criticize speaker, daydream, chat , fake attention • “Choose self-discipline to listen.”

  23. Improvement Strategies Managing Distractions Your beliefs, attitudes and values are triggered: Do • Steer away from mental rebuttals • Respect presenters and event Don’t • Focus solely on your frame of reference • “Choose self-discipline to listen.”

  24. Improvement Strategies Managing Distractions Topic seems too challenging, boring, irrelevant: Do • Keep an open mind to learn new and thought-provoking information • Relate it to something you know. Don’t • Do not dismiss topic as unimportant • Avoid prejudging until hearing entire message • “Choose self-discipline to listen.”

  25. Managing Distractions Overcome Thought Speed: Speaking Speed = 125 - 150 wpm Listening Speed = 400 wpm • Listeners can think 4X faster than speakers can talk, so minds wander Counteract: • Take notes • Anticipate speaker’s next point • Analyze logic and evidence of message

  26. Improvement Strategies Managing Distractions Overcome Automatic Talking Learn why people talk without listening

  27. Agenda Stages 1 Styles 2 Improvement Strategies 3 Become a Critical Listener 4

  28. Become a Critical Listener Everything you hear is an opportunity to listen! Whether in a conversation, at meeting, attending a presentation or watching the news, always: • Exercise an open mind • Resist distractions • Take notes • Withhold judgment until hearing entire message

  29. Questions & Answers • What did you learn today that you didn’t already know? • How will critical listening impact you the most? • What do you plan to change first?

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