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Irias , dorybel Period: 01 Mr. Marshall Ap world history

Ch 32- Crisis, Realignment, and the dawn of the post- cold war world, 1975-1991 *SECTION 1: postcolonial crises and Asian economic expansion, 1975-1991. Dry Docks Owned by Korea’s Corporation Korea’s rapid industrialization symbolizes Pacific Rim economic growth.

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Irias , dorybel Period: 01 Mr. Marshall Ap world history

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  1. Ch 32- Crisis, Realignment, and the dawn of the post- cold war world, 1975-1991 *SECTION 1: postcolonial crises and Asian economic expansion, 1975-1991 Dry Docks Owned by Korea’s Corporation Korea’s rapid industrialization symbolizes Pacific Rim economic growth. Citation: http://www.shipsandharbours.com/pictures/3722.jpg Irias, dorybel Period: 01 Mr. Marshall Ap world history

  2. The Americas 1970 • 1964 MILITARY TAKEOVER IN BRAZIL: • In Brazil a coup in 1964 brought in a military government whose combination of dictatorship, use of death squads to eliminate opposition, and use of tax and tariff policies to encourage industrialization through import substitution came to be known as the “Brazilian Solution.” (Bulliet, 850) • 1970 SALVADOR ALLENDE ELECTED PRESIDENT OF CHILLE: • Socialist politican elected president of Chile in 1970. The new government faced serious economic problems. Allende's decide to take action to redistribute wealth and land in Chile. (Salvador Allende) • 1973 Allende overthrown • Afflicted by inflation, mass customer protests, and declining foreign trade, Allende was overturn in 1973 by a military uprising lead by General Augusto Pinochet and supported by the United States.(Salvador Allende) • President Allende and thousand of Chileans died in the uprising and thousand more where illegally seized, tortured, and imprisoned without trial. (Salvador Allende) 1964 BRAZIL (http://tropicalia.uol.com.br/site_english/images/imgs_contexto/contexto_1.jpg) • 1976 MILITARY TAKEOVER IN ARGENTINA: • After the death of the controversial President Juan Peron in 1974, his wife and vice president, Isabel Peron, assumed power. However, she was not very strong politically and a military junta led a coup against her and removed her from office. (Argentina Dirty War 1976 – 1983 • This military junta maintained its grip on power by cracking down on anybody whom they believed was challenging their authority.(Argentina Dirty War 1976 – 1983) • The Dirty War was the was waged by the Argentine military (1976- 1982) against leftist groups. Characterized by the use of illegal imprisonment, torture, and executions by the military. (Argentina Dirty War 1976 – 1983) • 1979 SANDINISTAS OVERTHROW ANASTASIO SOMOZA IN NICARAGUA: • In Nicaragua the Cuban-backed Sandinista movement overthrew the government of Anastasio Somoza and ruled until it was defeated in free elections in 1990. (Bulliet, 850- 851)

  3. The Americas 1980 • 1983-1990 DEMOCRACY RETURNS IN ARGENTINA, BRAZIL, & CHILE: • The military dictatorships established in Brazil, Chile, and Argentina all came to an end between 1983 and 1990. (Bulliet, 851) • All three regimes were undermined by reports of kidnapping, torture, and corruption. (Bulliet 851) • The Argentine regime also suffered from its invasion of the Falkland Islands and consequent military defeat by Britain. (The Falklands War 1982) • By the end of the 1980s oil-importing nations like Brazil were in economic trouble because they had borrowed heavily to pay the high oil prices engineered by OPEC. (Bulliet, 852) • The oil-exporting nations such as Mexico faced crises because they had borrowed heavily when oil prices were high and rising in the 1970s, but found themselves unable to keep up with their debt payments when the price of oil fell in the 1980s. (Bulliet, 852) • 1989 THE UNITED STATES INVADES PANAMA: • In 1991 Latin America was more dominated by the United States than it had been in 1975. This may be seen in the United States’ use of military force to intervene in Panama in 1989. (This Day in History 1989: The U.S. invades Panama) • The United States invades Panama in an attempt to overthrow military dictator Manuel Noriega, who had been indicted in the United States on drug trafficking charges and was accused of suppressing democracy in Panama and endangering U.S. nationals. (This Day in History 1989: The U.S. invades Panama) 1989 United States invades Panama (http://www.waidev2.com/php/IMAGES/HC_ThisDayInHistory/353---Image_large.jpg)

  4. THE AMERICAS 1990 • 1990 SANDINISTAS DEFEATED IN ELECTIONS IN NICARAGUA: • The broad alliance of revolutionaries and reformers that took power called themselves Sandinistas. They took their name from Augusto Cesar Sandino, who lead Nicaraguan opposition to U.S. military intervention between 1927 and 1932. (Bulliet, 850) • The Sandinistas received significant political and financial support from Cuba and, once in power, sought to imitate the command economics of Cuba and the Soviet Union, nationalizing properties owned by members of the Nicaraguan elite and U.S. citizens. (Bulliet, 851) • From the outset, U.S. officials opposed the new regime, claiming that it was Marxist in its orientation. In the face of this opposition, the Sandinistas turned to the communist bloc for economic and military assistance. (This day in history 1990) • In 1981, President Ronald Reagan gave his approval for covert U.S. support of the so-called Contras-anti-Sandinista rebels based mostly in Honduras and Costa Rica. This support continued for most of the Reagan administration, until disapproval from the American public and reports of Contra abuses pushed Congress to cut off funding. (The Patriot Files) • The Contras were unable to defeat the Sandinistas. Confident that they were supported by the majority of Nicaraguans and assured that the U.S. Congress was close to cutting off aid to the Contras, the Sandinistas called for free elections in 1990. But they had miscalculated politically. (Bulliet, 850-851) • Exhausted by more than a decade of violence, a majority of Nicaraguan voters rejected the Sandinistas and elected a middle-of-the-road coalition led by Violeta Chamorro.(Bulliet, 851) Sandinista troops deployed from a Soviet helicopter in 1989. (http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/nicaragua/sandinista-helicopter&imgrefurl=http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/sandinistas.htm&usg=__eJXpEEMgdM_OV5rot5QXE6F4Mf0=&h=311&w=600&sz=91&hl=en&start=8&um=1&tbnid=oZ76BNPUWCzRYM:&tbnh=70&tbnw=135&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dsandinistas%26hl%3Den%26rlz%3D1T4GGLJ_en%26um%3D1)

  5. Bibliography Argentina Dirty War 1976 - 1983." GlobalSecurity.org - Reliable Security Information. 28 Mar. 2009 <http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/argentina.htm>. Bulliet, Richard W., Pamela Kyle Crossley, Daniel R. Headrick, Steven W. Hirsch, Lyman L. Johnson, and David Northrup. The Earth And Its Peoples A Global History. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2004. "The Falklands War (1982) / La Guerra de Las Malvinas (1982)." Yendor.com / yendor of yonder. 29 Mar. 2009 <http://www.yendor.com/vanished/falklands-war.html>. "Salvador Allende." Spartacus Educational - Home Page. 28 Mar. 2009 <http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/COLDallende.htm>. "Sandinistas are defeated in Nicaraguan elections ::." The Patriot Files :: Dedicated to the preservation of military history. 28 Mar. 2009 <http://www.patriotfiles.com/index.php?name=Sections&req=viewarticle&artid=6414&page=1>. "This Day in History 1989: The U.S. invades Panama." The History Channel - Home Page. 29 Mar. 2009 <http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history.do?action=tdihArticleCategory&id=5617>. "This Day in History 1990: Sandinistas are defeated in Nicaraguan elections." The History Channel - Home Page. 28 Mar. 2009 <http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history.do?action=Article&id=2589>. Sandinistas (http://www.inatoday.com/sandinistas.jpg)

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