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Lecture 5 Computer Hardware and Architecture

Lecture 5 Computer Hardware and Architecture. stability of basic computing model over time and the evolution of computer systems. the input-process-output model of computing. the basic components of a computer system. the major categories of computer and computer architecture.

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Lecture 5 Computer Hardware and Architecture

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  1. Lecture 5 Computer Hardware and Architecture • stability of basic computing model over time and the evolution of computer systems. • the input-process-output model of computing. • the basic components of a computer system. • the major categories of computer and computer architecture. Reading: Englander chaps. 1 and 6. http://www.csm.uwe.ac.uk/~rstephen/courses/UQI108S1/

  2. Architecture • Rules concerning design, standards and protocols of: • Data • Hardware • Software • Communications • = architecture

  3. Manchester University Mark 1, 1948

  4. The fetch-execute cycle

  5. PC architecture

  6. Components • Input devices - keyboard, webcam ... • Primary storage - RAM, ROM ... • Secondary storage - discs, CD, tape ... • CPU - ALU + control unit + registers • Output devices - Printers, monitors ...

  7. 4 milestones in business computer architecture history • 1964 - IBM S/360 (mainframe) • centralised business computing • 1970 - DEC PDP-11 (minicomputer/midrange) • decentralised and departmental systems • 1974 - Cray 1 (supercomputer) • scientific computing • 1981 - IBM PC (microcomputer/PC) • desktop computing

  8. Mainframes • Centralised • Costly - £xxM • Require custom built environment • Specialised staff • Support batch processing environment (schedulers) • Support large databases • Support 1000s of terminals • e.g. IBM S/390

  9. Minicomputers (or midrange) • Decentralised or distributed (networked) • Broad range of costs from £10K-£1M • Departmental systems • “Turnkey” systems • Transaction processors (interrupt handlers) • File servers for Local Area Networks • eServers for Electronic Commerce • e.g. IBM AS/400

  10. Microcomputers (or PCs) • Desktop computing • Single user, single tasking • Linked by Local Area Networks • Inexpensive for the individual, £1,000. • Expensive for the corporation! (Initial cost and support!) • e.g. Compaq, Dell, Apple, IBM

  11. Current Trends • Mobility • Ubiquity • Embedding

  12. Summary • Computer architectures = data+hw+sw+comms. • The block diagram for the PC is a good basis for understanding all standard computer architectures. • Understand the evolution, rather than revolution, of architectures from S/360 to Servers to PCs to …. • Be able to describe the main categories of architecture: Mainframe, midrange and PC.

  13. Tutorial and Labs • Review the operation of the Little Man in the Computer (Englander, chap. 6) • Discuss the differences of the 3 main computer architectures: • Mainframe • Midrange • PC • Review the instruction or fetch-execute cycle http://www.csm.uwe.ac.uk/~rstephen/courses/UQI108S1/

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