Functional Organization of Nervous Tissue

1. Functional Organization of Nervous Tissue Action Potential Membrane Potential Introduction Cells Synapse $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $200 $200 $200 $200 $200 $300 $300 $300 $300 $300 $400 $400 $400 $400 $400 $500 $500 $500 $500 $500 FINAL ROUND

2. Introduction: $100 Question • This is NOT a part of the peripheral nervous system: • a. cranial nerve • b. ganglion • c. spinal cord • d. spinal nerve ANSWER BACK TO GAME

3. Introduction: $100 Answer • This is NOT a part of the peripheral nervous system: • a. cranial nerve • b. ganglion • c. spinal cord • d. spinal nerve BACK TO GAME

4. Introduction: $200 Question • This extensive network of axons is located outside of the CNS: • a. ganglion • b. plexus • c. sensory receptor • d. spinal cord ANSWER BACK TO GAME

5. Introduction: $200 Answer • This extensive network of axons is located outside of the CNS: • a. ganglion • b. plexus • c. sensory receptor • d. spinal cord BACK TO GAME

6. Introduction: $300 Question • This portion of the motor division of the nervous system conducts action potentials from the central nervous system to skeletal muscle fibers. • a. afferent • b. autonomic • c. somatic • d. sympathetic ANSWER BACK TO GAME

7. Introduction: $300 Answer • This portion of the motor division of the nervous system conducts action potentials from the central nervous system to skeletal muscle fibers. • a. afferent • b. autonomic • c. somatic • d. sympathetic BACK TO GAME

8. Introduction: $400 Question • The cell bodies of sensory neurons are located in the dorsal root ganglion near the spinal cord. • True/False ANSWER BACK TO GAME

9. Introduction: $400 Answer • The cell bodies of sensory neurons are located in the dorsal root ganglion near the spinal cord. • True/False BACK TO GAME

10. Introduction: $500 Question • __________ pairs of cranial nerves originate from the brain, and __________ pairs of spinal nerves originate from the spinal cord. • a. two, twelve • b. eight, twenty-four • c. twelve, thirty-one • d. fifteen, thirty-six • e. sixteen, thirty-eight ANSWER BACK TO GAME

11. Introduction: $500 Answer • __________ pairs of cranial nerves originate from the brain, and __________ pairs of spinal nerves originate from the spinal cord. • a. two, twelve • b. eight, twenty-four • c. twelve, thirty-one • d. fifteen, thirty-six • e. sixteen, thirty-eight BACK TO GAME

12. Cells: $100 Question • These cells conduct action potentials from one neuron to another within the CNS: • a. sensory (afferent) neurons • b. motor (efferent) neurons • c. interneurons (association) neurons • d. bipolar neurons ANSWER BACK TO GAME

13. Cells: $100 Answer • These cells conduct action potentials from one neuron to another within the CNS: • a. sensory (afferent) neurons • b. motor (efferent) neurons • c. interneurons (association) neurons • d. bipolar neurons BACK TO GAME

14. Cells: $200 Question • Axons terminate by branching to form small extensions with enlarged ends which are called this: • a. dendrites • b. neuron cell bodies • c. presynaptic terminals • d. postsynaptic membranes • e. axon hillocks ANSWER BACK TO GAME

15. Cells: $200 Answer • Axons terminate by branching to form small extensions with enlarged ends which are called this: • a. dendrites • b. neuron cell bodies • c. presynaptic terminals • d. postsynaptic membranes • e. axon hillocks BACK TO GAME

16. Cells: $300 Question • These cell types produce and help circulate cerebrospinal fluid: • a. astrocytes • b. microglia • c. ependymal cells • d. Schwann cells • e. oligodendrocytes ANSWER BACK TO GAME

17. Cells: $300 Answer • These cell types produce and help circulate cerebrospinal fluid: • a. astrocytes • b. microglia • c. ependymal cells • d. Schwann cells • e. oligodendrocytes BACK TO GAME

18. Cells: $400 Question • These statements about unipolar neurons are all true except: • a. most are sensory neurons • b. have a single process extending from the cell body • c. located in the eye and nasal cavity • d. have no dendrites ANSWER BACK TO GAME

19. Cells: $400 Answer • These statements about unipolar neurons are all true except: • a. most are sensory neurons • b. have a single process extending from the cell body • c. located in the eye and nasal cavity • d. have no dendrites BACK TO GAME

20. Cells: $500 Question • This statement best describes the myelin sheath: • a. made of Schwann cells(neurolemmocytes) • b. covering surrounding an axon • c. provides insulation from other axons • d. helps conduct the action potential more rapidly • e. all are true ANSWER BACK TO GAME

21. Cells: $500 Answer • This statement best describes the myelin sheath: • a. made of Schwann cells (neurolemmocytes) • b. covering surrounding an axon • c. provides insulation from other axons • d. helps conduct the action potential more rapidly • e. all are true BACK TO GAME

22. Membrane Potential: $100 Question • Compared to the outside of the resting plasma membrane, the inside surface of the membrane is this: • a. positively charged • b. electrically neutral • c. negatively charged • d. continuously reversing so that it is positive one second and negative the next ANSWER BACK TO GAME

23. Membrane Potential: $100 Answer • Compared to the outside of the resting plasma membrane, the inside surface of the membrane is this: • a. positively charged • b. electrically neutral • c. negatively charged • d. continuously reversing so that it is positive one second and negative the next BACK TO GAME

24. Membrane Potential: $200 Question • Because of the sodium-potassium pump, there are: • a. more K+ outside the cell than inside and more Na+ inside the cell than outside • b. more K+ inside the cell than outside and Na+ outside the cell than inside • c. more K+ and Na inside the cell than outside • d. more K+ and Na outside the cell than inside ANSWER BACK TO GAME

25. Membrane Potential: $200 Answer • Because of the sodium-potassium pump, there are: • a. more K+ outside the cell than inside and more Na+ inside the cell than outside • b. more K+ inside the cell than outside and Na+ outside the cell than inside • c. more K+ and Na inside the cell than outside • d. more K+ and Na outside the cell than inside BACK TO GAME

26. Membrane Potential: $300 Question • The resting membrane potential results when the tendency for these ions to diffuse out of the cell is balanced by their attraction to opposite charges inside the cell: • a. Na+ • b. K+ • c. Cl- • d. negatively charged proteins • e. Ca2+ ANSWER BACK TO GAME

27. Membrane Potential: $300 Answer • The resting membrane potential results when the tendency for these ions to diffuse out of the cell is balanced by their attraction to opposite charges inside the cell: • a. Na+ • b. K+ • c. Cl- • d. negatively charged proteins • e. Ca2+ BACK TO GAME

28. Membrane Potential: $400 Question • The resting membrane potential of nerve cells due to the electric charge difference across the plasma membranes is approximately -85mv. • True/False ANSWER BACK TO GAME

29. Membrane Potential: $400 Answer • The resting membrane potential of nerve cells due to the electric charge difference across the plasma membranes is approximately -85mv. • True/False BACK TO GAME

30. Membrane Potential: $500 Question • Hyperpolarization, which is an increase in membrane potential, can be caused by this: • a. opening of Cl- gated channels • b. opening of Ca2+ gated channels • c. opening of Na+ gated channels • d. increase of extracellular K+ ANSWER BACK TO GAME

31. Membrane Potential: $500 Answer • Hyperpolarization, which is an increase in membrane potential, can be caused by this: • a. opening of Cl- gated channels • b. opening of Ca2+ gated channels • c. opening of Na+ gated channels • d. increase of extracellular K+ BACK TO GAME

32. Action Potential:$100 Question • The following are characteristics of action potentials except: • a. all-or-none • b. caused by graded potentials reaching threshold • c. stimulus strength determines the magnitude • d. depolarization is followed by repolarization ANSWER BACK TO GAME

33. Action Potential:$100 Answer • The following are characteristics of action potentials except: • a. all-or-none • b. caused by graded potentials reaching threshold • c. stimulus strength determines the magnitude • d. depolarization is followed by repolarization BACK TO GAME

34. Action Potential: $200 Question • Depolarization occurs because more Na+ diffuse into the cell than K + diffuse out of it. • True/False ANSWER BACK TO GAME

35. Action Potential: $200 Answer • Depolarization occurs because more Na+ diffuse into the cell than K + diffuse out of it. • True/False BACK TO GAME

36. Action Potential: $300 Question • This best describes the absolute refractory period: • limits how many action potentials can be produced during a given period of time • prevents an action potential from starting another action potential at the same point on the plasma membrane • is the period of time when a strong stimulus can initiate a second action potential. • both a and b. • all of the above ANSWER BACK TO GAME

37. Action Potential: $300 Answer • This best describes the absolute refractory period: • limits how many action potentials can be produced during a given period of time • prevents an action potential from starting another action potential at the same point on the plasma membrane • is the period of time when a strong stimulus can initiate a second action potential • d. both a and b • e. all of the above BACK TO GAME

38. Action Potential: $400 Question • During saltatory conduction, action potentials jump from this: • a. one astrocyte to another • b. an axon to a dendrite • c. one internode to another • d. one node of Ranvier to another • e. one microglia cell to another ANSWER BACK TO GAME

39. Action Potential: $400 Answer • During saltatory conduction, action potentials jump from this: • a. one astrocyte to another • b. an axon to a dendrite • c. one internode to another • d. one node of Ranvier to another • e. one microglia cell to another BACK TO GAME

40. Action Potential:$500 Question • If the duration of the absolute refractory period of a nerve cell is 1millisecond (ms), this many action potentials are generated by a maximal stimulus in 1 second: • a. 1 • b. 10 • c. 100 • d. 1000 ANSWER BACK TO GAME

41. Action Potential:$500 Answer • If the duration of the absolute refractory period of a nerve cell is 1millisecond (ms), this many action potentials are generated by a maximal stimulus in 1 second: • a. 1 • b. 10 • c. 100 • d. 1000 BACK TO GAME

42. Synapse:$100 Question • These are all part of a chemical synapse except: • a. presynaptic terminal • b. synaptic cleft • c. postsynaptic membrane • d. connexons ANSWER BACK TO GAME

43. Synapse: $100 Answer • These are all part of a chemical synapse except: • a. presynaptic terminal • b. synaptic cleft • c. postsynaptic membrane • d. connexons BACK TO GAME

44. Synapse: $200 Question • Acetylcholinesterase, monoamine oxidase (MAO), and catechol-O-methyltransferase are this: • a. neurotransmitters • b. enzymes that break down neurotransmitters • c. enzymes that act as neuromodulators • d. enzymes that could produce an EPSP • e. substances that could produce an IPSP ANSWER BACK TO GAME

45. Synapse: $200 Answer • Acetylcholinesterase, monoamine oxidase (MAO), and catechol-O-methyltransferase are this: • a. neurotransmitters • b. enzymes that break down neurotransmitters • c. enzymes that act as neuromodulators • d. enzymes that could produce an EPSP • e. substances that could produce an IPSP BACK TO GAME

46. Synapse: $300 Question • This characteristic can be produced by an IPSP: • a. local hyperpolarization • b. decreased excitability of neuron • c. increased permeability of postsynaptic membrane to K+ and Cl- ions • d. all of these ANSWER BACK TO GAME

47. Synapse: $300 Answer • This characteristic can be produced by an IPSP: • a. local hyperpolarization • b. decreased excitability of neuron • c. increased permeability of postsynaptic membrane to K+ and Cl- ions • d. all of these BACK TO GAME

48. Synapse: $400 Question • When two action potentials arrive in very close succession at a single presynaptic terminal, this action occurs: • a. an IPSP is produced • b. the second action potential cancels the first • c. spatial summation occurs • d. temporal summation occurs ANSWER BACK TO GAME

49. Synapse: $400 Answer • When two action potentials arrive in very close succession at a single presynaptic terminal, this action occurs: • a. an IPSP is produced • b. the second action potential cancels the first • c. spatial summation occurs • d. temporal summation occurs BACK TO GAME

50. Synapse:$500 Question • This combination represents a convergent pathway in the nervous system: • a. 1 presynaptic neuron synapses with 4 postsynaptic neurons • b. 1 presynaptic neuron synapses with 1 postsynaptic neuron • c. 3 presynaptic neurons synapse with 1 postsynaptic neuron • d. an afferent neuron synapses with an association neuron ANSWER BACK TO GAME