EOC Reviews #2

1. EOC Reviews #2 Goals: 4, 5, 6

2. Goal 4 The Great West and the Rise of the Debtor

3. PI & BS – constant conflict trying to control SCM – killed Natives (mostly women and children) Fort Larm – tried to force to reservations SB – Refused reservations B LBH – Custer’s Last Stand B WK – Revenge for LBH NA’s surrender HHJ – wrote Century of Dishonor (when we lied…) As – act like us or move West Western Migration

4. WWS – glamorized Cowboy life HA – 160 acres of free land after 5 years Ex and Sod – AA’s moving out W & where they lived RR – Central Pacifc/Union Pac Chinese & Irish Promontory Point Utah Morril Land Act – gave land for agricultural Schools OK – rush to get there sooner got best land Western Migration

5. Inventors Thomas Edison invented the light bulb Alexander Graham Bell invented the phone George Westinghouse – air brakes for RR Henry Bessemer – cheaper steal Christopher Scholes - typewriter The Gilded Age

6. Captains of Industry Andrew Carnegie – Scottish immigrant who ran US Steel John Rockefeller – controlled Standard Oil used vertical and horizontal integration JP Morgan – leader in the finance industry Vanderbilts – Controlled the RR industry Drake – 1st to use a drill to look for oil The Gilded Age Or were they Robber Barons??

7. Key Principles Monopoly – company controls all aspects Trust – combination of companies under one big umbrella Vertical Integration – control up the supply line Horizontal Integration – buying out of your peers Gospel of Wealth – rich is responsible to help the poor Social Darwinism – the strongest survive The Gilded Age

8. Urbanization Sweatshops – cities crowded, poor conditions Tenements – cheap housing for immigrants Settlement Home – helped urban poor Americanization movement – places like the Hull House to “Americanize” immigrants Trolleys – allowed for people to move away from job Elevators – allowed for skyscrapers The Gilded Age

9. Immigration Old vs New Immigration Horation Alger – author, showed the American Dream Melting Pot – belief that we should blend all cultures together Ellis Island – gateway to America for Europeans Nativism – favoring native born over immigrants Chinese Exclusion Act – forbade Chinese immigrants The Gilded Age

10. Working conditions – crowded unsafe conditions Children forced to work Trade Unions set up like – Knights of Labor set up by Thomas Powderly Haymarket Affair – bomb thrown into crowd hurt labor American Federation of Labor – lead by Gompers largest union Eugene Debs – leader of labor – socialist… Great Strike of 1877 in RR Taking on Business

11. Pullman Strike – people unhappy about rules so they strike US Steel Strike – Carnegie steel plant strike Sherman Anti- Trust Act – outlawed monopolies but hard to enforce Pendleton Civil Service Act – required a test for govt. jobs Collective Bargaining – negotiating between owners and labor Taking on Business

12. Arbitration – ways to settle disputes with labor using a judge Strike – a labor tactic for workers to get better rights Yellow Dog Contract – people who sign this cannot join a union Taking on Business

13. Farmers Alliance – a union for farmers to protect their rights Grange – 1st Farmers Union WJB – Populist candidate for President gave the Cross of Gold Speech Bimetallism – money should be backed by gold or silver Goldbug - $$ backed by gold only SB – method of voting Ref – voting on issues Recall – people get voted out Populist Movement

14. PM – recruited people offered services in exchange for votes Corruption Tammany Hall – stole money from the people of NY Credit Mobilier – RR company lied to get more money from govt. Whiskey Ring – Grant’s administration unfair treatment of different whiskey distillers Thomas Nast – showed the public what was wrong through political cartoons Politics in the Gilded Age

15. Imperialism • Justification • Gold – Thirst for new markets • God – Belief that we were best Cultural Superiority • Glory – Military benefits

16. Imperialism • Alaska – William Seward purchases • Nicknamed Seward’s Foley or Icebox • Why – more land, close to Russia • Hawaii – US overthrew King and Queen • Allowed for Sugar to be imported • Military base in Pacific

17. Cuba • Spanish controlled • Grew Sugar and we wanted it in the US • Jose Marti – leads a revolution and gets the US involved • USS Maine – sent to pick up Americans but it blew up! • Pulitzer and Hearst – practiced yellow journalism to get us in the war • Teddy Roosevelt – lead a group known as Rough Riders in the Spanish American War in Cuba • Platt Amendment – Cuba wins freedom but limited because we add this to their constitution

18. Treaty of Paris Platt Amendment added to Cuba Guam, Puerto Rico, Philippines sold to US Philippines wins independencebut we attempt to take them back over Emilio Aquinaldo - leads the revolt – costs us 400 million Spanish American War

19. China was called “sick man of Asia” John Hay Issued the Open Door Notes so we could come into China Spheres of Influence – areas controlled by countries Boxer Rebellion – Chinese that attacked foreigners China

20. We completed a passage way through country of Panama Tricked the government of Columbia to give us permission – Battleship Diplomacy Roosevelt Corollary – “Speak softly but carry a big stick” Panama Canal

22. Jane Addams – established the Hull House Triangle Shirtwaist Factory – showed how bad labor were treated Muckrackers Ida M Tarbell – blew the whistle on Standard Oil Upton Sinclair – wrote The Jungle Lincoln Steffens – showed the poverty in cities Jacob Riis – showed poor through photographs US History Reviews Week 4Progressive Era

23. Temperance Movt. – tried to get alcohol eliminated – ex. Carrie Nation Women’s Movt. – fought for the right to vote – 19th Amendment Ida B Wells – wrote to get anti-lynching laws Plessy v Ferguson - allowed for legalized segregation WEB DuBois – started the Niagra movement – immediate integrations Booker T – needed education to get equal rights NAACP – most influential civil rights organization (DuBois one of the founders) US History Reviews Week 4Progressive Era

24. Roosevelt Regulated strikes, started the Square Deal Conservatism – focused on saving the environment Progressive party – created the Bull Moose party in 1912 Taft Broke up many trusts Angered many by signing Payne Aldrich (compromise) Wilson Underwood Act – 1st major reduction in tariffs Federal Reserve System – federal bank for banks US History Reviews Week 4Political Progressivism