Presented by Ambassador Hazairin Pohan Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia

1. TOWARDS THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE ASEAN COMMUNITY IN 2015 September 2012 Baku, Azerbaijan Presented by Ambassador Hazairin Pohan Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia

2. Map of ASEAN Lao PDR Myanmar Viet Nam Thailand Philippines Cambodia Brunei Darussalam Malaysia Singapore Indonesia

3. ASEAN in Brief • Covers an area of 4.46 million square kilometers • (3% of the Earth’s total land area) • A population of approximately 591 million people • (8.8% of the world population) • Third largest economy after Japan and China • Combined nominal GDP of more than US$ 2 trillion • and is estimated to exceed US$ 3 trillion by 2016 • ASEAN Archipelagic Sea-lane contributes to 45% of the world sea trade • Proved its stability during the 2008 crisis and is currently showing its resilience amidst the global crisis

4. Transformation of ASEAN 2011 ASEAN Community in a Global Community of Nations (Bali Concord III) 2003 Bali Concord II = ASEAN Community 1976 Bali Concord I PEOPLE-CENTERED PEOPLE-ORIENTED 1967 Bangkok Declaration

5. Bali Concord I: In 1976, Bali witnessed the birth of the Treaty of Amity and Cooperation (TAC), also known as Bali Concord I, where member countries agreed that among ASEAN nations, each will not use force but will seek peaceful solutions in resolving conflicts. To date, there are 29 (countries) High Contracting Parties, guided by the following fundamental principles: • Mutual respect for the independence, sovereignty, equality, territorial integrity, and national identity of all nations; • The right of every State to lead its national existence free from external interference, subversion, or coercion; • Non-interference in the internal affairs of one another; • Settlement of differences or disputes by peaceful manner; • Renunciation of the threat or use of force; and • Effective cooperation among themselves.

6. Bali Concord II The Bali Concord II, which was endorsed at the Ninth ASEAN Summit in October 2003, is a historic step toward regional integration. The Bali Concord II consists of three pillars, namely an ASEAN Security Community (ASC), an ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) and an ASEAN Socio-cultural Community (ASCC) among ASEAN member countries.

7. Bali Concord III (2012-2022): ASEAN Community in a Global Community of Nations • Promote Economic Integration: • ie. enhance ASEAN’s effective participation in regional and global economic initiatives impacting on the region. • Promote Economic Stability: • ie. strengthen macroeconomic coordination and promoting financial cooperation at the regional and global level. • Promote Economic Development: • ie. strengthen cooperation with relevant international organizations in promoting higher level of economic dynamism, sustained prosperity, and inclusive growth

8. ASEAN CHARTER • Signedby 10 Heads of State/Government of ASEAN at the 13th ASEAN Summit in Singapore (20 November 2007) • Entryinto force on 15 December 2008 after all ASEAN Member States ratified the Charter • 13 Chapters and 55 Articles • Legal Personality of ASEAN • ASEAN a Rules Based and People Oriented Organization

9. INTERRELATION OF THE THREE PILLARS TO THE ESTABLISHMENT OF ASEAN COMMUNITY • ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community (ASCC) • “Nurturing human, cultural and natural resources for sustained development in a harmonious and people-centered ASEAN”. • ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) • “Enhancing competitive-ness for economic growth and development through closer economic integration” SOCIAL CULTURE ECONOMY POLITICAL SECURITY • ASEAN Political Security Community (APSC) • “Enhancing peace, stability, democracy and prosperity in the region through comprehensive political and security cooperation”

10. What is Regional Architecture? • Regional Architecture is a fluid concept without a formal destination • A set of common mechanism or institution to enable regional cooperation to achieve its goals • A process of community building in Southeast Asia, East Asia and the wider region, whereby ASEAN will be its driving force

11. Relevance of Regional Architecture to Indonesia Southeast Asia and East Asia constitute as Indonesia’s immediate environment to project its national interests through its foreign policy and diplomacy Influential actors and major players are contributing towards the dynamic of the region Existence of major maritime trade routes (Malacca Strait and South China Sea)

12. MAJOR TRADE ROUTES AND STRAITS

13. Indonesia’s perspective on Regional Architecture A continuous and evolving concept ASEAN as a nucleusof the complex web of ASEAN-led cooperation processes. “Dynamic Equilibrium”  absence of preponderant power enabling each nation to interact in positive and mutually beneficial manner to attain common security and common prosperity

14. ASEAN + 3 ASEAN Singapore Brunei Darussalam Korea Myanmar Malaysia Lao PDR Vietnam Timor Leste China Indonesia Cambodia ARF Philippines PDR of Korea Thailand Japan Europian Union (27 member countries) ASEM Mongolia Pakistan Regional Architecture at Present Canada Chile Mexico Peru Russia EAS APEC United States Hong Kong, China Taipei, China New Zealand Samoa Tonga Australia Tuvalu Palau Papua New Guinea India Marshall Is PIF Kiribati Niue Solomon Is Nauru Vanuatu Fiji Is Afghanistan Cook Is FSM Sri Lanka SAARC Bhutan Maldives Nepal Bangladesh

15. Elements of Regional Arcitecture • ASEAN+1, ASEAN+3, East Asia Summit, ARF, dan ADMM Plus ASEAN EAS ASEAN Plus Three EAS ASEAN + 1 ARF ADMM-PLUS www.themegallery.com

16. Evolving Issues within Regional Architecture • Encompassing a wide array of strategic issues of concern to the countries in various regional mechanism such as ASEAN+1, ASEAN+3, EAS, ADMM-Plus, and ARF. • Political and Security: Regional Architecture to maintain peace and stability in the region • Economy: Regional Architecture to ensure sustainable economic development • Socio-Cultural: Regional Arcitecture to deepen solidarity toward one another • through building respect for their cultural diversity, beliefs, and races and be • in assistance to one another

17. Evolving Regional Architecture: Political-Security Pillar ASEAN-Japan TAC (2004) ASEAN-Russia TAC (2004) ASEAN-Canada TAC (2010) ASEAN-Korea TAC (2004) ASEAN-China TAC (2003) ASEAN-EU ASEAN-US TAC (2009) APSC TAC ASEAN-India TAC (2003) ARF ADMM+ ASEAN-Australia TAC (2005) ASEAN-New Zealand TAC (2005) ARF  10 ASEAN countries, Japan, China, ROK, DPRK, Canada, Chile, Timor Leste, Mexico, Peru, Russia, the U.S., Mongolia, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, New Zealand, Australia, ADMM+ 10 ASEAN Countries + Japan + China + ROK + India + Australia + New Zealand + the U.S. + Russia

18. Evolving Regional Architecture: Economic Pillar ASEAN-Japan CEP ASEAN-Russia ASEAN-Canada ASEAN-Korea FTA ASEAN-China FTA ASEAN-EU EAFTA ASEAN-US TIFA AFTA ASEAN-India FTA CEPEA ASEAN-Australia- New Zealand FTA EAFTA : East Asia Free Trade Area 10 ASEAN Countries+ Japan + China + ROK CEPEA : Comprehensive Economic Partnership for East Asia 10 ASEAN Countries + Japan + China + ROK + India + Australia+ New Zealand

19. Evolving Regional Architecture: Socio-Cultural Pillar ASEAN-Japan ASEAN-Russia ASEAN-Korea ASEAN-Canada ASEAN-China ASEAN-EU People Centred Organization ASEAN-US Caring and Sharing Society ASCC ASEAN-India ASEAN IDENTITY We-Feeling ASEAN-Australia Regional Partners ASEAN- New Zealand International Community • People Centered Organization: Prioritize the interest of the people of ASEAN as the ultimate • beneficiaries of ASEAN Endeavors • ASEAN Identity: Cultural features that are distinctively Southeast Asian, with its cultural diversity as • a unifying factor and a source of wealth of the region. • We-Feeling: A condition where all components of ASEAN Member States sense the affinity and proud • as part of ASEAN

20. East Asia Summit as the primary forum in the Regional Architecture • East Asia Summit has evolved into the primary forum in the Regional Architecture • EAS is attended by Heads of State/ Heads of Government of 18 countries, discussing broad strategic political and economic issues of common concern and interest • The Accession of the United States and Russia has increased the profile of EAS. It is viewed as an effective mechanism in promoting peace and stability in the region

21. Challenges to ASEAN • How to maintain ASEAN’s centrality, leadership and driving force in EAS. • Imperative for ASEAN to strengthen its internal mechanism to determine agenda setting, enhance existing mechanisms and demonstrate its leadership (ASEAN in the driving force)in all ASEAN-led mechanisms

22. THANK YOU