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Polysaccharides (glycogen; starch)

Polysaccharides (glycogen; starch). Disaccharides (lactose; maltose; sucrose). GLUCOSE. LIVER. H. GLYCOLYSIS. 10 Step process to convert glucose to pyruvate. + 2 ATP. PYRUVATE. GLUCOSE. ENERGY. Anaerobic (w/out O 2 ). Fermentation. PYRUVATE. Aerobic (with O 2 ). Fermentation.

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Polysaccharides (glycogen; starch)

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  1. Polysaccharides (glycogen; starch) Disaccharides (lactose; maltose; sucrose) GLUCOSE LIVER

  2. H GLYCOLYSIS • 10 Step process to convert glucose to pyruvate + 2 ATP PYRUVATE GLUCOSE

  3. ENERGY Anaerobic (w/out O2) Fermentation PYRUVATE Aerobic (with O2)

  4. Fermentation

  5. Fates of Pyruvate

  6. CITRIC ACID CYCLE

  7. ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN

  8. This process is called oxidative phosphorylation, because it involves phosphorylating ADP (adding a phosphate to produce ATP) using oxidation reactions.

  9. CHEMIOSMOSIS

  10. SUMMARY

  11. GLYCOGEN SYNTHESIS • Glycogen-polymer of glucose Glucose → Glycogen = GLYCOGENESIS

  12. GLYCOGEN BREAKDOWN • Glycogen → Glucose = GLYCOGENOLYSIS

  13. glucose pyruvate glycerol amino acids lactate GLUCONEOGENESIS • Pyruvate → Glucose

  14. Hyperglycemia- too much glucose in the blood; sugar in urine Hypoglycemia- glucose level too low; dizzy, fainting, coma

  15. HORMONES CONTROLBLOOD GLUCOSE LEVEL • INSULIN • rate that glucose leaves blood and enters cells • rate of glucose → glycogen (glycogenesis) • rate of glucose → pyruvate (glycolysis) • rate of glycogen → glucose (glycogenolysis) • rate that glucose leaves blood and enters cells • GLUCAGON

  16. Type I Juvenile Insulin-related Type II Adult onset Non insulin-related DIABETES Inability to regulate blood glucose levels

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