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The JavaScript Task Runner

The JavaScript Task Runner. Nikhil Walvekar. Grunt. Getting Started Adding to new project Adding to existing project Configuring tasks. Getting started. Based on npm , Node.js package manager. Grunt 0.4.x required Node.js >= 0.8.0 Supports both declarative and scripting style .

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The JavaScript Task Runner

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  1. The JavaScript Task Runner Nikhil Walvekar

  2. Grunt • Getting Started • Adding to new project • Adding to existing project • Configuring tasks Synerzip Softech Pvt. Ltd.

  3. Getting started • Based on npm, Node.js package manager. • Grunt 0.4.x required Node.js >= 0.8.0 • Supports both declarative and scripting style. • needs GruntFile.js and package.json $>npm install –g grunt-cli Synerzip Softech Pvt. Ltd.

  4. Adding to new project File required: • package.json: used by npm List grunt and used plugins in this. • Gruntfile: Tasks are declared in this. Synerzip Softech Pvt. Ltd.

  5. Package.json { "name": "my-project-name", "version": "0.1.0", "devDependencies": { "grunt": "~0.4.1", "grunt-contrib-jshint": "~0.1.1", "grunt-contrib-nodeunit": "~0.1.2" } } • Utilities to create above file • npm-init • grunt-init Synerzip Softech Pvt. Ltd.

  6. Package.json • List grunt plugins as devDependencies • Make sure that package.json file is pushed to code repository. …. "devDependencies": { "grunt": "~0.4.1", "grunt-contrib-jshint": "~0.1.1", "grunt-contrib-nodeunit": "~0.1.2" } …. $>npm install grunt-contrib-jshint --save-dev Synerzip Softech Pvt. Ltd.

  7. Gruntfile(Gruntfile.js or Gruntfile.coffee) module.exports = function(grunt) { // Project configuration. grunt.initConfig({ pkg: grunt.file.readJSON('package.json'), uglify: { options: {…..}, build: { src: 'src/<%= pkg.name %>.js', dest: 'build/<%= pkg.name %>.min.js' } } }); // Load the plugin that provides the "uglify" task. grunt.loadNpmTasks('grunt-contrib-uglify'); // Default task(s). grunt.registerTask('default', ['uglify']); }; Synerzip Softech Pvt. Ltd.

  8. Gruntfile A Gruntfile is comprised of the following parts: • The "wrapper" function • Project and task configuration • Loading grunt plugins and tasks • Custom tasks Synerzip Softech Pvt. Ltd.

  9. Gruntfile • Wrapper Function • This is basic format • All of grunt code must be inside this function. module.exports = function(grunt) { // Do grunt-related things in here }; Synerzip Softech Pvt. Ltd.

  10. Gruntfile • Project and task configuration • Most of the tasks rely on config information. • <%= %> can be used to refer config properties. // Project configuration. grunt.initConfig({ pkg: grunt.file.readJSON('package.json'), uglify: { options: {…..}, build: { src: 'src/<%= pkg.name %>.js', dest: 'build/<%= pkg.name %>.min.js' } } }); Synerzip Softech Pvt. Ltd.

  11. Gruntfile • Loading grunt plugins and tasks • Make sure that, this plugin is listed in package.json // Load the plugin that provides the "uglify" task. grunt.loadNpmTasks('grunt-contrib-uglify'); Synerzip Softech Pvt. Ltd.

  12. Gruntfile • Let’s cover “Custom tasks“ in advanced Grunt Synerzip Softech Pvt. Ltd.

  13. Adding to existing project • Add grunt entries to existing package.json • Create “Gruntfile.js”, declare required tasks. $>npm install grunt --save-dev $>npm install grunt-contrib-jshint --save-dev $>…. Synerzip Softech Pvt. Ltd.

  14. Using it • Package.json and Grunfile.js updated, that’s it? This will download and install required Grunt plugins. $>npm install $>grunt <TASK NAME> $>grunt --help Synerzip Softech Pvt. Ltd.

  15. Configuring tasks • Specified under “grunt.initConfig” • Task name and configuration name has to be same. • Types: • Simple task – Has single target • Multi-task – Has multiple targets • Options • Files, Filters, Globbing patterns Synerzip Softech Pvt. Ltd.

  16. Simple Configuration module.exports = function(grunt) { // Project configuration. grunt.initConfig({ ….. concat: { dist: { src: ’lib/<%= pkg.name %>.js', dest: 'build/<%= pkg.name %>.js' } } }); ……. }; Here is configuration for “concat” task. Synerzip Softech Pvt. Ltd.

  17. Multi-task grunt.initConfig({ ….. concat: { foo: { // configuration specific in case of “foo” }, bar: { // configuration specific in case of “bar” }} }); ……. }; • How to run it • If just “grunt concat” specified, it will run concat for each target. $> grunt concat:foo Synerzip Softech Pvt. Ltd.

  18. Options grunt.initConfig({ concat: { options: { // Task-level options may go here, overriding task defaults. }, foo: { options: { // "foo" target options may go here, overriding task-level options. }, }, bar: { // No options specified; this target will use task-level options. }, }, }); Synerzip Softech Pvt. Ltd.

  19. Files src: ['src/bb.js', 'src/bbb.js'], dest: 'dest/b.js' • File Object Format • File Array Format • Array format supports some more options Filter e.g ‘isFile’ or we can specify custom function Globbing e.g. ‘foo/**/*.js’ files: { 'dest/b.js': ['src/bb.js', 'src/bbb.js'], 'dest/b1.js': ['src/bb1.js', 'src/bbb1.js'], } files: [ {src: ['src/aa.js', 'src/aaa.js'], dest: 'dest/a.js'}, {src: ['src/aa1.js', 'src/aaa1.js'], dest: 'dest/a1.js'}, ] Synerzip Softech Pvt. Ltd.

  20. Running multiple tasks • Perform certain steps in sequence grunt.registerTask(’release', ['jshint', 'qunit', 'concat', 'uglify']); $> grunt release Synerzip Softech Pvt. Ltd.

  21. Using Uglify • Add plugin grunt-contrib-uglify uglify: { options: { // the banner is inserted at the top of the output banner: '/*! <%= pkg.name %> <%= grunt.template.today("dd-mm-yyyy") %> */\n' }, dist: { files: { 'dist/<%= pkg.name %>.min.js’: ‘lib/**/*.js’ } } } Synerzip Softech Pvt. Ltd.

  22. Using Require.js • Add plugin grunt-contrib-requirejs requirejs: { compile: { options: { baseUrl: "path/to/base", mainConfigFile: "path/to/config.js", out: "path/to/optimized.js" } } } Synerzip Softech Pvt. Ltd.

  23. Advanced grunt • Creating tasks • Custom tasks Synerzip Softech Pvt. Ltd.

  24. Creating task • Basic task • No configuration needed • Arguments are passed to this function grunt.registerTask('foo', 'A sample task that logs stuff.', function(arg1, arg2) { if (arguments.length === 0) { grunt.log.writeln(this.name + ", no args"); } else { grunt.log.writeln(this.name + ", " + arg1 + " " + arg2); } }); $> grunt foo:bar:2 Synerzip Softech Pvt. Ltd.

  25. Custom tasks • Multi-task • Registered function executed for each target i.e. foo, bar, baz grunt.initConfig({ log: { foo: [1, 2, 3], bar: 'helloworld', baz: false } }); grunt.registerMultiTask('log', 'Log stuff.', function() { grunt.log.writeln(this.target + ': ' + this.data); }); Synerzip Softech Pvt. Ltd.

  26. Custom tasks • Running other tasks from custom task grunt.task.run('bar’); Synerzip Softech Pvt. Ltd.

  27. Plugins • You can write your own plugins. Synerzip Softech Pvt. Ltd.

  28. Who uses Grunt? Synerzip Softech Pvt. Ltd.

  29. References • GruntJs.com • Node.js, Ant, Grunt and other build tools • Why grunt? Why not something else? • From the toolbox: Grunt Synerzip Softech Pvt. Ltd.

  30. Questions Synerzip Softech Pvt. Ltd.

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