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The Scientific Revolution

The Scientific Revolution. World History: Miss Winters. Causes of the Scientific Revolution. Medieval Intellectual Life Remember.. Thinking sin caused the Black Death, etc. The Italian Renaissance System of Patronage gave money to new areas! Renewed focus on mathematics

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The Scientific Revolution

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  1. The Scientific Revolution World History: Miss Winters

  2. Causes of the Scientific Revolution • Medieval Intellectual Life • Remember.. Thinking sin caused the Black Death, etc. • The Italian Renaissance • System of Patronage gave money to new areas! • Renewed focus on mathematics • Navigational problems of long sea voyages • Better scientific instruments

  3. New Sciences! • 16th-17th century: physics and astronomy • 17th-18th century: chemistry and biology • 16th-18thcentury: mathematics • New methods of thought going back to Aristotle and Greek/Roman philosopher/scientists • Just like the Renaissance did! • Discoveries during exploration led to doubt

  4. Copernicus (1473-1543) • Aim to glorify God • Heliocentrism: Believed in a sun-centered universe • Challenged circular orbits • Universe of staggering size • Earth no different than any other planet • On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres (1543) • Published on his deathbed due to fear of the Church

  5. Francis Bacon (1561-1626) • Father of the Scientific Revolution • Emphasis on practical, useful knowledge • New attitude toward nature

  6. Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) • Used experimental method • Discoveries using the telescope supported Heliocentrism • Mathematical formula for acceleration of falling objects • Law of inertia • Challenges categories of “form” and “matter” • 1633- Church forced Galileo to recant; placed under house arrest

  7. Johannes Kepler (1571-1630) • Planetary motion explained by mathematical formula • Elliptical orbits • Planets do not move at uniform speeds in their orbits

  8. Rene Descartes (1596-1650) • Significance of Doubt • Spatial relationships can be expressed in mathematical formulas • Father of “analytical geometry”

  9. Isaac Newton (1642-1727) • Blends inductive and deductive methods • Argues for a universe governed by natural laws • Laws of Motion! • Principia; Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy (1687)

  10. Consequences of the Scientific Revolution • Rise of the “Scientific Community” • The modern scientific method • A universe ordered according to natural laws

  11. Consequences of the Scientific Revolution (cont) • Deism • Belief that there is a God that created the universe • BUT laws of nature, not miracles explain how the world works • Laws discovered by human reason • “De-Spiritualized” and de-mystified the Universe

  12. Consequences of the Scientific Revolution (cont)

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