INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SHRIMP AQUACULTURE

1. INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SHRIMP AQUACULTURE RECENT PROGRESS OF BIOFLOC TECHNOLOGY FOR SUSTAINABLE SHRIMP (Pacific white shrimp) FARMING: EFFICIENCY AND PROFITABILITY Nyan Taw Hang Tuah University, Surabaya – INDONESIA October 28-29, 2010

2. Introduction Shrimp farming has become competitive and as such the technology utilized needs to be efficient in all aspects – productivity, quality, sustainability, bio-security and to be in line with market demand. BFT (Biofloc) system is at present highly sought technology for Pacific white shrimp culture due to high efficiency, productivity, sustainability and with lower FCR. The basic system of bio-floc technology was given by Avnimelech (2000, 2005a&b). The system was successfully applied in commercial culture of shrimps by McIntosh (2000a,b & c, 2001), McNeil (2000), Nyan Taw (2005, 2006, 2009), Nyan Taw & Saenphon Ch. (2005); Saenphon Ch. et.al. (2005). BFT in combination with partial harvest was presented at WA 2009 in Veracruz, Mexico and on Potential of BTF at Asia Pacific Aquaculture 2009 in KL by Nyan Taw (2009). Recently, Avnimelech (2009) published a book entitled “Biofloc Technology: A Practical Guide Book” . Very recently Nyan Taw (2010) published an article in GAA on expansion of biofloc technology in white shrimp farms. Studies on raceway nursery and super intensive zero water exchange systems were carried out by Somacha (2002 & 2009).

3. Basic Concept of Biofloc Technology Yoram Avnimelech, 2000, 2005 Data on feed protein utilization • ASP Tilapia ponds (Avnimelech) 45% • ASP ShConventional fish, shrimp ponds 20-25% • Srimp ponds (McIntosh) 45% • Closed shrimp tanks (Velasco) 63% • ASP shrimp ponds, 15N study Michele Burford et al. 18-29% of total N consumption

4. 100 µ The ‘Biofloc (Floc) FLOC COMMUNITIES AND SIZE The biofloc Defined as macroaggregates – diatoms, macroalgae, fecal pellets, exoskeleton, remains of dead organisms, bacteria, protest and invertebrates. (Decamp, O., et al 2002) As Natural Feed (filter feeders – L. vannamie & Tilapia) : It is possible that microbial protein has a higher availability than feed protein (Yoram, 2005) Brown Green

5. Basic of BFT in Shrimp Farming 1. High stocking density - over 130 – 150 PL10/m2 2. High aeration – 28 to 32 HP/ha PWAs 3. Paddle wheel position in ponds 4. HDPE / Concrete lined ponds 5. Grain (pellet) 6 Molasses 7. Expected production 20–25 MT/ha/crop Feed & grain application and biofloc High aeration High density Dark Vannamei Red Vannamei Bioflocs Grain pellet

6. Pond Water Preparation For already treated water in series of treatment reservoirs in HDPE lined 0.5 ha production ponds

7. Pond OperationHigh Aeration Siphoning Paddle Wheels position

8. FLOC Development stages (vol) in pond STAGES Stage 1 : Floc found but cannot be measured (subjective) Stage 2 : Floc found in small quantity, < 1.0 ml/litre Stage 3 : Floc found abundance, 1.0 – 5.0 ml/litre Stage 4 : Floc found abundance, 5.1 – 10.0 ml/litre Stage 5 : Floc found abundance, > 10.1 ml/litre

9. Sampling MethodMeasuring procedure 1 liter / 2 places/ 15 cm deep/ between 10-12 am Let it settled for 15-20 minutes Read density of flocs in cone (ml/l)

10. Feed, Grain Pellet & Growth Nyan Taw WAS Las Vegas 2006

11. Feed , Grain Pellet and Biofloc

12. ‘Floc’ Development Nyan Taw WAS Las Vegas 2006

13. Control Biofloc Black gill Black biofloc Biofloc- general view at surface Green biofloc Brown biofloc

14. Pond environment and Control - feed/grain/floc & Performance - growth Saenphon C & Nyan Taw WAS Bali 2005

15. Saenphon C & Nyan Taw WAS Bali 2005

16. Belize, Central AmericaBiofloc system culture Belize Aqua Ltd – A view Belize Aqua Ltd - ponds

17. MalaysiaBiofloc System initiated – on going Well designed farm layout BAB Semi biofloc (8-9 MT /0.8ha pond -Target) Seawater Intake – 2.6 km offshore Biofloc

18. Farms Using Bio-floc Technology in Indonesia and Malaysia Alor Star, Malaysia Medan Bangka Dipasena Bali CPB CP Lampung Anyer East Java

19. Shrimp Farms in Indonesia & Malaysia Blue Archipelago Malaysia Global Medan Indonesia Bali, Indonesia CPB Lampung, Indonesia Nyan Taw Shrimp Farming GAA 2005

20. First Biofloc Commercial TrialCentral Pertiwi Bahari (CP, Indonesia) Semi-lined 0.5 ha ponds Nyan Taw (2005, 2006)

21. Production Performance R&D, Trail & Commercial Nyan Taw WAS Las Vegas 2006

22. Global MedanPartial Harvest/Biofloc Performance Nyan Taw, et al, 2008

24. Bio-floc in Raceways/Wet Lab Experiments, Trials & Growout 1. Nursery–nursed for 1 to 2 weeks then to GO 2. Super-intensive /intensive culture (to market size) 3. Broodstock production – culture to broodstock size (45 –50 gm). 4. Broodstock testing– trials for quality of broodstock family lines (two to four months ). 5. First phase of the three phase culture system.

25. Raceway TechnologyBiofloc Trials - Nursery & GO Nyan Taw, et.al Role of R&D … World Aquaculture 2005 Bali

26. Raceway trials in BFT Global Group Raceways at Anyer, Indonesia The raceway system with biofloc is being applied for trials for L. vannamei broodstock family selection.

27. Wet Laboratory – Trial Tanks • Global Group facility at Anyer, Indonesia • Shrimp feed trials using transferred Biofloc • Small scale experiments at request • Freshwater tolerance experiments • Nursery stage experiments

28. Potential of BFT – PERULined and covered Piura - Intensive with freshwater covered Piura -Inside covered pond Grain Tumbes-Extensive with SW Piura Intensive FW Nursery

29. Potential for BFT – GUATEMALALined with high energy input Pasca Shrimp Farm 1

30. Potential for BFT – CHINALined, covered & high energy input Covered ponds Inside covered & lined ponds Covered ponds Inside covered & lined ponds

31. Development of BFT (Productivity) NT- Advised by long visits NT – Managed at site NT – Advised by short visits YA -Advised by email RM- Managed at site According to Shrimp News International (2006) No one knows how many shrimp farms are employing the bio-floc technology.  The best examples of the of farms that have implemented the new technology are: 1. Belize Aquaculture, Ltd., in Belize. 2. OceanBoy Farms in Florida, USA, and 3. PT Central Pertiwi Bahari in Indonesia.

32. Advantages/ Disadvantages Advantages 1. Bio-security very good (from water) – to date WSSV negative using the system. 2. Zero water exchange – less than 100% exchange for whole culture period. 3. Production (Carrying capacity): 5-10% better than normal system 4. Shrimp size bigger by about 2.0 g than normal system 5. FCR low – between 1.0 to 1.3 (without GP) 6. Production cost lower by around 15-20 %. Disadvantages 1. High energy input – paddlewheels 28HP/ha. 2. Power failure critical – maximum one hour at any time (better zero hour failure) 3. Full HDPE lined ponds – minimum semi-HDPE lined 4. Technology similar but more advance – need to train technicians

33. Sergio Nates Dec 2006

34. Acknowledgements The author would like to give sincere thank to Dr. Shahridan Faiez (CEO) and Mr. Christopher Lim (COO), Blue Archipelago for their interest and continued support . The staff and members of Blue Archipelago, Malaysia for their diligence and hard work to make this presentation possible.

35. Thank You Nyan Taw

36. References