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The Manitoba Act

The Manitoba Act. Creating Canada’s 5 th Province, July 1870. Rewind….

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The Manitoba Act

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  1. The Manitoba Act Creating Canada’s 5th Province, July 1870

  2. Rewind… • After Louis Riel sets up his provisional government, John A. MacDonald sends out a messenger to find out what they want. The Metis create the Metis Bill of Rights, which is a list of requests that they wish to have obeyed. • There are some settlers from Ontario who are living in the Red River, they protest against Louis Riel and his provisional government. One of them was put on trial and executed by Riel, his name was Thomas Scott.

  3. The Story Continues… • Riel’s provisional government works out an agreement with Ottawa called the Manitoba Act. On July 15th 1870 Manitoba enters Confederation as Canada’s fifth province.

  4. Question Period • Q: Why is this a good deal for the Louis Riel’s provisional government and the Metis? • Q: Why is this a good deal for John A. MacDonald and his Canadian government in Ottawa?

  5. The Manitoba Act, 1870 • The Manitoba Act was a great victory for the Metis. The Canadian government had originally wanted to leave the region as a territory because as a province, Manitoba would have better representation in Ottawa and more power over local affairs. • Q: Representation in Ottawa and power over local affairs? Have we heard this before?  • Clearly, MacDonald had paid close attention to the Metis Bill of Rights

  6. Always Read the Fine Print! • There were THREE main parts to the Manitoba act especially concerning the Metis:  • Manitoba was allowed to send four members to the house of commons in Ottawa • The people could use French or English in both schools and government services • Each Metis family was given an official certificate saying they owned their piece of land

  7. You Can’t Please Everyone! • Over time, many Metis became unhappy as more settlers from Ontario moved into Manitoba. • Some Metis sold the land that the government had granted them and moved father west, out of Manitoba and into the Northwest Territories (present day Saskatchewan). They hoped to be able to hunt buffalo and follow their traditional way of life.

  8. Canada: 1870

  9. After all was said and done… • Riel was pleased with the Manitoba Act. He believed that he had created a new province. • He had won for his people the right to be represented in Ottawa. They had received land, French schools, and free use of the French language. Louis Riel was now prepared to turn over control of the settlement to the new lieutenant governor sent from Ottawa.

  10. It’s Not Over Till It’s Over… • At this point, MacDonald decides to send troops to the Red River in case of any further trouble. Colonel Garnet Wolseley led the soldiers and it took them 13 weeks to reach Manitoba (that’s over 3 months!). • Since there was no railroad yet, the soldiers had to build a road as they went along to carry supplies and other goods.

  11. Heading South for the Winter? • As the troops began arriving in Manitoba, Riel began to worry that he might be caught and punished for the death of Thomas Scott. People were still looking for revenge. • Riel’s friends and followers begged Riel to flee, so he mounted his horse and rode away to the United States where he would be safe from the Canadian army heading to Winnipeg, Manitoba • flee: to run away, as from danger or pursuers; take flight, to move swiftly

  12. That’s what Friends are for! • In fact, some of the troops from Ontario were determined to get revenge for the execution of Thomas Scott. Some of the troops threatened to shoot any person who was involved with Scott’s death.   • The soldiers chased one member of the Metis that had sentenced Scott into the Red River and then drowned him. They also found Riel’s uncle, who was chased down, stabbed to death and left for dead.

  13. Famous Last Words • On his way to the United States, Riel was reported to have said: “he who ruled in Fort Garry only yesterday is now a homeless man with nothing to eat but two dried fish”. • It would be nearly 15 years before the Metis would see their leader again. • Q: Why was Riel safe in the United States? Why didn’t the American army go after him?

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